“…As a collection of suppliers, the tourism industry lays subject to movements in people, weather events, and economic changes that may cause it to flourish (when times are good), or debilitate it (in times of disaster). The tourism industry is reliant on the movement of people (Yang et al, 2020 ) subjecting the industry to be susceptible to various threats of natural disasters, health pandemics (Dayour et al, 2020a , 2020b ), and economic and political upheaval (Cheer & Lew, 2018a , 2018b ). When crisis (due to natural disasters, economic downturn, terrorism, and internal chaos) occur, self-employed individuals and owners of small-scale enterprises in tourism and tourism-related ventures feel the brunt due to dependence on international and domestic tourist arrivals and destination marketing agencies (Dahles & Susilowati, 2015 ; Romão et al, 2016 ; Chowdhury et al, 2019 ).…”