This survey was designed to examine the present situation and status of. clinical psychologists in a variety of countries in which psychologists are employed in mental health services. Information for 23 countries was compiled on (a) legislative acts regarding psychology and other mental health professions, (b) statistics on psychologists in general and, specifically, on psychologists practicing psychotherapy in institutions or privately, and -(c) university training requirements and extrauniversity training facilities. Most of the countries included in the survey have no legislation whatsoever concerning the profession of psychology. In the United States,-all states have passed certification or. licensing laws. Australia, Canada, and several Northern European countries have passed legislation concerning the profession of psychology, and legislation is in progress in several other countries, such as West Germany and Poland., The number of psychologists in the general population generally ranges between 15 and 35 per 100,000 inhabitants, whereas in less developed countries such as Greece, the number is as low as 2 psychologists per 100,000 inhabitants.In more advanced countries in North America and Northern Europe, the number of psychologists practicing psychotherapy ranges between 5 and 20 per 100,000 inhabitants: In Eastern and Southern Europe, the ratio is much lower. University training requires anywhere from four to nine years, depending on the degree conferred. In several countries, a certain degree of specialization in clinical psychology is possible, though an internship is not presently required in most.Developments of major impact on the training of psychologists and the practice of psychology have occurred in many countries in recent years. New models for the education and training of psychologists have emerged. Health legislation affecting the practice of psychology has been passed in some countries and is pending in many others. Difficulties regarding the certification and licensure of psychologists and the accreditation of training programs have arisen due to differences in the quality 16 • JANUARY 1980 • AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST