Insulin Treatment of Schizophrenia

Ackner, Brian; Oldham, Andrew

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(62)91477-0

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…After the discovery of an effective neuroleptic, investigators became bold enough to conduct adequately controlled studies on insulin coma. By excluding all confounders, they demonstrated that the crucial ingredients were the vastly greater care the insulin coma patients received and the better morale of their doctors and nurses (Cramand, 1987) rather than the "religious" adherence to insulin induced coma per se (Ackner, Harris & Oldham, 1957). We suspect that the world literature reviewed by Koenig et al (2001) is correct in uniformly asserting that greater religious involvement reduces depressive symptomatology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of male mental health: Health and religious involvement

Vaillant

Templeton

Ardelt

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

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In prior studies, the effect of religious involvement upon physical health has shown generally positive results, but these studies have been marred by confounders. The 65 year-old US prospective Study of Adult Development has offered an opportunity to repeat these studies with somewhat better control over confounders. The physical and mental health of 224 Harvard University sophomores was monitored for 65 years. Their religious involvement from church attendance to private spirituality was prospectively monitored every 2-4 years from age 47 to 85. In this analysis we focus on the male respondent. We found that religious involvement, no matter how measured was uncorrelated with their late life physical, mental and social well-being. The exception was that the 44 men with major depression or with multiple negative life events were twice as likely to manifest high religious involvement as men with the least "stress." If these findings can be generalized, they suggest that religious involvement may exert the greatest mental health benefits on people with the fewest alternative social and personal resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of male mental health: Health and religious involvement

Vaillant

Templeton

Ardelt

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Evidence-based medicine has also been seen as a means by which policy makers, sometimes with academic support, control clinical freedom (Williams & Garner, 2002). Although RCTs have resulted in the discontinuation of fashionable but ineffective treatments such as insulin coma therapy (Ackner & Oldham, 1960), they are not without problems (Thornley & Adams, 1998). More recently other paradigms, including observational and pragmatic studies (Roland & Torgerson, 1998), have gained in acceptance and been recommended as having a useful role in evaluation of treatment by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2002).…”

Section: Evolution Of Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of long-term outcomes in observational and randomised controlled trials

Hodgson¹,

Bushe

Hunter

2007

Br J Psychiatry

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BackgroundRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating treatment efficacy. However, the outcomes of RCTs often lackclinical utility and usually do not address real-world effectivenessAimsTo review how traditional RCTs may be triangulatedwith other methodologies such as observational studies and pragmatic trials by highlighting recently reported studies, outcomes used and their respective meritsMethodLiterature review focusing on drug treatmentResultsRecently reported observational and some pragmatic studies show a degree of consistency in reported results and use outcomes that have face validity for cliniciansConclusionsNo single experimental paradigm or outcome provides the necessary data to optimise treatment of mental illness in the clinical setting

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“…(1973), the long-term benefits of the newer therapeutic regimes have eluded scientific proof. Ackner & Oldham (1962) demonstrated that the results of insulin coma therapy were no better than those achieved with barbiturates, and Markowe et al (1967) were unable to show that phenothiazines were superior to insulin coma. Caution is therefore required in interpreting the further improvement reported here.…”

Section: Comparison Of Clinical and Social Outcome After First Admimentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Care and the Prognosis of Schizophrenia

Cottman¹,

Mezey²

1976

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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A group of 41 schizophrenic patients were followed up for a period of up to 8 1/2 years after their first admission to a general hospital psychiatric unit. During the follow-up period one third of the patients were not readmitted, and the remainder had between one and eight readmissions. Half of the patients spent less than 5 % of the follow-up period in hospital. Twenty-one patients remained in fairly close contact with at least one of the community services. A greater degree of clinical disturbance characterized high users, as compared with low users, of these services. At the end of the follow-up two patients were in hospital, half of the original cohort was considered clinically recovered and four-fifths socially recovered. The contribution of the general hospital and of the community services to the improved prognosis for schizophrenia is disucssed.

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Insulin Treatment of Schizophrenia

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

The natural history of male mental health: Health and religious involvement

The natural history of male mental health: Health and religious involvement

Measurement of long-term outcomes in observational and randomised controlled trials

Community Care and the Prognosis of Schizophrenia

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