Insulin therapy: a pocket guide

Begg, Alan

doi:10.1002/edn.231

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Two plasmids are cut using restriction enzymes to insert the DNA sequence for the A chain or the B chain separately. Each chain is extended with an ATG initiation codon on the 5' terminus to begin the translation process, while the termination signal is present on the plasmid at 3' end of the restriction sites 60 . The restriction sites of EcoR1 and BamH1 contain one of the chain genes in both plasmids.…”

Section: Insertion Into the Plasmidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Insulin: History, Recent Advances, and Expression Systems for Mass Production

et al. 2021

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The significant rise in the number of diabetic patients worldwide, as well as the development of new insulin delivery techniques such as inhalation or oral administration which require higher dosages, are expected to increase the demand for recombinant insulin. Current manufacturing technologies will be unable to fulfill the rising demand for inexpensive insulin due to their production capacity limitations and high production costs. Production of therapeutic recombinant insulin requires a suitable host organism with adequate post-translational modification and refolding machinery. E. coli and S. cerevisiae have been used extensively to make recombinant human insulin for medicinal applications. However, transgenic plants are particularly appealing expression systems as they can be used to synthesize huge amounts of insulin for human medicinal purposes. Plant-based expression systems have the potential for high-capacity insulin synthesis at a minimal cost. The significant production of biologically active proinsulin in seeds or leaves with long-term stability provides a low-cost technique to develop proinsulin for both injectable and oral administration. Recently, stem cell therapy is being utilized for the treatment of diabetes, as these cells are capable of differentiating into insulin producing c ells. With the advancement of regenerative medicine research for different chronic diseases, treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus has been reported. The current review concentrates on several biotechnological attributes applied to the rapid and mass synthesis of biologically active insulin and its analogs in microbes, various types of stem cells and transgenic crops.

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Section: Insertion Into the Plasmidmentioning

confidence: 99%