Insulin Resistance Syndrome

Granberry, Mark C.; Fonseca, Vivian

doi:10.1097/00007611-199901000-00002

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…32 The subjects in this study were hyperinsulinemic, which in addition to obesity, is a major risk factor for glucose intolerance, type II diabetes and CVD. 33 Sustained weight loss with either diet resulted in reduced fasting insulin levels and HOMA that moved towards normalisation. Two recent diabetes prevention studies involving obese persons with impaired glucose tolerance have demonstrated that over an average 3-y period weight loss equivalent to that observed in the present study reduced the risk and delayed the onset of diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To compare the long-term compliance and effects of two low-fat diets differing in carbohydrate to protein ratio on body composition and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in obese subjects with hyperinsulinemia. DESIGN: Outpatient, parallel, clinical intervention study of two groups of subjects randomly assigned to either a standard protein (SP; 15% protein, 55% carbohydrate) or high-protein (HP; 30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) diet, during 12 weeks of energy restriction (B6.5 MJ/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance (B8.3 MJ/day). Subsequently, subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern for the succeeding 52 weeks with minimal professional support. SUBJECTS: A total of 58 obese, nondietetic subjects with hyperinsulinemia (13 males/45 females, mean age 50.2 y, mean body mass index (BMI) 34.0 kg/m 2 , mean fasting insulin 17.8 mU/l) participated in the study. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, fasting glucose, insulin, CRP and sICAM-1 were measured at baseline and at weeks 16 and 68. Urinary urea/creatinine ratio was measured at baseline, week 16 and at 3 monthly intervals thereafter. RESULTS: In total, 43 subjects completed the study with similar dropouts in each group (P ¼ 0.76). At week 68, there was net weight loss (SP À2.973.6%, HP À4.175.8%; Po0.01) due entirely to fat loss (Po0.001) with no diet effect. Both diets significantly increased HDL cholesterol concentrations (Po0.001) and decreased fasting insulin, insulin resistance, sICAM-1 and CRP levels (Po0.05). Protein intake was significantly greater in HP during the initial 16 weeks (Po0.001), but decreased in HP and increased in SP during 52-week follow-up, with no difference between groups at week 68, indicating poor long-term dietary adherence behaviour to both dietary patterns. CONCLUSION: Without active ongoing dietary advice, adherence to dietary intervention is poor. Nonetheless, both dietary patterns achieved net weight loss and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects

et al. 2004

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“…Physical activity and a healthy dietary intake pattern are two interventions that favorably influence S I (24). Several pharmacologic agents, including ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), have been shown to have favorable effects on S I (25,26). Recently in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Trial, the ACEI ramipril was shown to reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Sensitivity and the Risk of Incident Hypertension

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE -The insulin resistance syndrome has been described as including hypertension. Previous studies have documented cross-sectional associations between insulin sensitivity (S I ) and blood pressure or prevalent hypertension. Prospective data have been sparse. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The Insulin Resistance AtherosclerosisStudy (IRAS) is a prospective study of the associations of S I with atherosclerosis and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between S I , measured using the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis, and incident hypertension (defined as per the Joint National Committee), at the 5-year examination in 840 IRAS participants who were free of hypertension at the baseline examination.RESULTS -Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking status, for each unit greater S I , the risk of hypertension was 10% lower (95% CI 2-19, P Ͻ 0.05).CONCLUSIONS -These findings, from a prospective study, support the presence of a modest protective association between greater S I and lower risk of hypertension. These findings support the contention that interventions that improve S I may be beneficial with respect to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This contention should be tested in randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Care 26:805-809, 2003

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“…In most cases improper nutrition and inadequate physical activity are the root causes of the syndrome and as such it has been strongly recommended that a healthy lifestyle be adopted that includes weight control [17] and increased physical activity [18][19][20]. This recommendation is crucial because despite the availability of many medications that can control hypertension, blood sugar and lipids, there is no effective pharmaceutical treatment for raising low HDL-C level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Hypertensive Patients Attending a Primary Care Clinic in Kuwait

Ei¹,

Al-Qallaf²,

Ha³

et al. 2003

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III in a primary care health center in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: A population of 250 Kuwaiti hypertensive patients (129 males and 121 females) over the age of 40 were screened for metabolic syndrome by determining body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, levels of fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma lipids (serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The study was carried out in the Mishref Family Practice Health Center, Kuwait, from January to July 2001. Results: The total number of patients who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome was 85 (34%), 55% of them were males and 45% females. Prevalence of the syndrome was 28.2% among 40- to 55-year-olds and 41.9% in those above the age of 55 years. Among the 250 hypertensive patients, type II diabetes mellitus was found in 52.8% (54% males and 46% females), impaired fasting glucose in 8% (70% males and 30% females), high plasma triglycerides in 44.8% (53% males and 47% females) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 63.2% (54% males and 46% females). Obesity measured as BMI = 30 kg/m² was noted in 46% (43% males and 57% females) and increased waist circumference in 58% (44% males and 56% females). Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among hypertensives attending primary health care centers in Kuwait.

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Insulin Resistance Syndrome

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects

Long-term effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects

Insulin Sensitivity and the Risk of Incident Hypertension

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Hypertensive Patients Attending a Primary Care Clinic in Kuwait

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