Insulin resistance persists despite a metabolically healthy obesity phenotype

Hoddy, Kristin K.; Axelrod, Christopher L.; Mey, Jacob T.; Hari, Adithya; Beyl, Robbie A.; Blair, Jourdan B; Dantas, Wagner Silva; Kirwan, John P.

doi:10.1002/oby.23312

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Multiple physiological mechanisms may explain the observed relationships between obesity and COVID-19 infection risk and severity. Chronic over-nutrition leads to obesity, which is independently associated with impaired metabolic function [ 13 ], pulmonary function [ 14 ], and inflammation [ 15 ]—risk factors for increased severity of disease. Obesity is also an independent risk factor for the diagnosis of PASC, as recently reported by the NIH RECOVER program [ 16 ].…”

Section: Over/undernutrition Effects On Covid-19 and Pascmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nutrition in Mitigating the Effects of COVID-19 from Infection through PASC

2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The expansive and rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a global pandemic of COVID-19 infection and disease. Though initially perceived to be acute in nature, many patients report persistent and recurrent symptoms beyond the infectious period. Emerging as a new epidemic, “long-COVID”, or post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease (PASC), has substantially altered the lives of millions of people globally. Symptoms of both COVID-19 and PASC are individual, but share commonality to established respiratory viruses, which include but are not limited to chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, along with adverse metabolic and pulmonary health effects. Nutrition plays a critical role in immune function and metabolic health and thus is implicated in reducing risk or severity of symptoms for both COVID-19 and PASC. However, despite the impact of nutrition on these key physiological functions related to COVID-19 and PASC, the precise role of nutrition in COVID-19 infection and PASC onset or severity remains to be elucidated. This narrative review will discuss established and emerging nutrition approaches that may play a role in COVID-19 and PASC, with references to the established nutrition and clinical practice guidelines that should remain the primary resources for patients and practitioners.

show abstract

Section: Over/undernutrition Effects On Covid-19 and Pascmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nutrition in Mitigating the Effects of COVID-19 from Infection through PASC

2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…51 This group differed considerably from the MHO subtype in terms of body fat (%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. 134 Obesity-related inflammation and metabolic problems are exacerbated by macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, which is a significant pathogenic component. 135,136 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a metabolic syndrome-related biomarker that can be significantly increased.…”

Section: Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Classification of Obesity and Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Treatment

Ding,

Deng,

Yang

et al. 2023

DMSO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity,and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have reached epidemic proportions globally. Obesity and MAFLD frequently coexist and act synergistically to increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes (both hepatic and extrahepatic). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most important risk factor for rapid progression of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis. Conversely, the later stages of MAFLD are associated with an increased risk of T2DM incident. According to the proposed criteria, MAFLD is diagnosed in patients with liver steatosis and in at least one in three: overweight or obese, T2DM, or signs of metabolic dysregulation if they are of normal weight. However, the clinical classification and correlation between obesity and MAFLD is more complex than expected. In addition, treatment for obesity and MAFLD are associated with a reduced risk of T2DM, suggesting that liver-based treatments could reduce the risk of developing T2DM. This review describes the clinical classification of obesity and MAFLD, discusses the clinical features of various types of obesity and MAFLD, emphasizes the role of visceral obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in the development of MAFLD,and summarizes the existing treatments for obesity and MAFLD that reduce the risk of developing T2DM.

show abstract

“…Data also demonstrate a disproportionately high number of COVID-19 deaths in people with diabetes ( 20 , 21 ). Likewise, obesity, with characteristic insulin resistance ( 22 ), also carries a higher risk for COVID-19 death ( 21 ).…”

Section: Edge 1: Covid-19 and Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition

Mechanick

Christofides²,

Marchetti³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges our collective understanding of transmission, prevention, complications, and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Risk factors for severe infection, morbidity, and mortality are associated with age, environment, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and interventional timing. Clinical investigations report an intriguing association of COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus and malnutrition but incompletely describe the triphasic relationship, its mechanistic pathways, and potential therapeutic approaches to address each malady and their underlying metabolic disorders. This narrative review highlights common chronic disease states that interact epidemiologically and mechanistically with the COVID-19 to create a syndromic phenotype—the COVID-Related Cardiometabolic Syndrome—linking cardiometabolic-based chronic disease drivers with pre-, acute, and chronic/post-COVID-19 disease stages. Since the association of nutritional disorders with COVID-19 and cardiometabolic risk factors is well established, a syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition is hypothesized that can direct, inform, and optimize care. In this review, each of the three edges of this network is uniquely summarized, nutritional therapies discussed, and a structure for early preventive care proposed. Concerted efforts to identify malnutrition in patients with COVID-19 and elevated metabolic risks are needed and can be followed by improved dietary management while simultaneously addressing dysglycemia-based chronic disease and malnutrition-based chronic disease.

show abstract

Insulin resistance persists despite a metabolically healthy obesity phenotype

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

The Role of Nutrition in Mitigating the Effects of COVID-19 from Infection through PASC

The Role of Nutrition in Mitigating the Effects of COVID-19 from Infection through PASC

Clinical Classification of Obesity and Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Treatment

The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About