Insulin resistance is associated with the presence and severity of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

BackgroundTo assess the relationship between novel insulin resistance (IR) indices and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study involving 2211 patients. The study outcomes were DR events. The study exposures were IR indices including estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), natural logarithm of glucose disposal rate (lnGDR), metabolic insulin resistance score (METS‐IR), triglyceride glucose index‐body mass index (TyG‐BMI), triglyceride glucose index‐waist‐to‐hip ratio (TyG‐WHR), and triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol(TG/HDL‐c ratio). We used binary and multivariate ordered logistic regression models to estimate the association between different IR indices and the presence and severity of DR. Subject work characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive power of different IR indices for DR.ResultsDR was present in 25.4% of participants. After adjusting for all covariates, per standard deviation (SD) increases in eGDR (ratio [OR] 0.38 [95% CI 0.32–0.44]), lnGDR (0.34 [0.27–0.42]) were negatively associated with the presence of DR. In contrast, per SD increases in METS‐IR (1.97 [1.70–2.28]), TyG‐BMI (1.94 [1.68–2.25]), TyG‐WHR (2.34 [2.01–2.72]) and TG/HDL‐c ratio (1.21 [1.08–1.36]) were positively associated with the presence of DR. eGDR was strongly associated with severity of DR. Of all variables, eGDR had the strongest diagnostic value for DR (AUC = 0.757).ConclusionsOf the six IR indices, eGDR was significantly associated with the presence and severity of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes. eGDR has a good predictive value for DR. Thus, eGDR maybe a stronger marker of DR.

Association between the triglyceride glucose body mass index and long-term mortality in ICU patients: a cohort study of over 3000 patients

“…Given its relatively recent inception, research into the TyG index, while burgeoning, still lacks substantial empirical evidence to corroborate its association with disease pathogenesis. [11][12] [13] Contemporary research posits that the IR acts as a risk factor for a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases [14], cerebrovascular events [15][16], the onset of hypertension [17], and poor prognosis in oncological outcomes. However, in critically ill populations, the applicability of IR markers in predicting adverse events remains a contentious issue.…”