Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Failure Underlie Alzheimer Disease

Tong, Ming

doi:10.1002/9781118395318.ch1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…25 Additionally, ex vivo stimulation has demonstrated brain insulin resistance in the hippocampi of postmortem AD patients. 26 These data provide evidence for the role of metabolic disturbances in neurodegeneration, 27 which support the notion of systemic metabolic disturbances, including that of the liver, could exacerbate or even initiate the disturbances mentioned earlier.…”

Section: Metabolic Disturbances In Neurodegenerationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Emerging Links between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Neurodegeneration

et al. 2023

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The association between liver and brain health has gained attention as biomarkers of liver function have been revealed to predict neurodegeneration. The liver is a central regulator in metabolic homeostasis. However, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), homeostasis is disrupted which can result in extrahepatic organ pathologies. Emerging literature provides insight into the mechanisms behind the liver–brain health axis. These include the increased production of liver-derived factors that promote insulin resistance and loss of neuroprotective factors under conditions of NAFLD that increase insulin resistance in the central nervous system. In addition, elevated proinflammatory cytokines linked to NAFLD negatively impact the blood–brain barrier and increase neuroinflammation. Furthermore, exacerbated dyslipidemia associated with NAFLD and hepatic dysfunction can promote altered brain bioenergetics and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and brain as it relates to the pathophysiology between NAFLD and neurodegeneration, with an emphasis on Alzheimer's disease. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future areas for investigation to strengthen the potential link between NAFLD and neurodegeneration.

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Section: Metabolic Disturbances In Neurodegenerationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Emerging Links between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Neurodegeneration

et al. 2023

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“…Insulin resistance is elevated by age, obesity, adiposity and a sedentary lifestyle [24]; these conditions present risk factors for cognitive dysfunction and both earlyonset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease [25]- [29]. De la Monte and Tong [30] have outlined the various influences of aging, lifestyle choices and predispositions, peripheral insulin resistance diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome, nitrosamine exposure and familial genetic/ epigenetic mediators of brain loss of integrity, deficits of cognitive, motor and affective domains and neurodegeneration. Hyperphagia and obesity potentiate oxidative reactive species production chronic hyperglycemia accelerating the formation of advanced glucose end products in (pre)diabetes with both mechanisms driving a neurodegenerative outcome.…”

Section: Age Gender and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Dietary Restriction for Promotion of Neurohealth Benefits

Archer

Garcia²

2015

Health

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Physical exercise, whether aerobic, endurance or resistance types, plays a central role in establishing and maintaining the integrity of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). When exercise is adhered to in conjunction with selective food/drink intake and dietary restriction, it promotes neurohealth. In this article, we review the interactions of age and gender, as well as insulin and diabetes, with exercise, individuals' cognitive-affective status and its interactions with exercise propensity, all of which modulate the eventual outcomes of the influence of exercise upon parameters of neurohealth. The combination of exercise with dietary restriction provides numerous factors pertaining to psychological, neurochemical and anti-pathological manifestations of neurophysiological resilience even through aging. The challenge evoked by the exercise-diet combination in the body mobilizes a multitude of adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, DNA-repair proteins, macroautophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis.

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Effects of Long Term Consumption of High Calorie Diet on Neurological Disorders

Farooqui¹

2015

High Calorie Diet and the Human Brain

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Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Failure Underlie Alzheimer Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 248 publications

Emerging Links between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Neurodegeneration

Emerging Links between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Neurodegeneration

Exercise and Dietary Restriction for Promotion of Neurohealth Benefits

Effects of Long Term Consumption of High Calorie Diet on Neurological Disorders

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