Spectroscopy using mid-infrared light with a wavelength of 6 to 12 microns enables high-precision analysis of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that constitute living organisms. Recently, mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers and semiconductor detectors operating at room temperature have emerged in this field, increasing the feasibility of compact and inexpensive healthcare devices. In the deep ultraviolet region below 300 nm wavelength, various volatile gases show particularly strong absorption, and new applications are expected to emerge with the development of LEDs and new light sources. In this paper, non-invasive analysis of blood components based on mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy is reported. As examples of applications of deep ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy using hollow optical fibers as microvolume and long optical path gas cells, the results of highly accurate measurement of acetone in exhaled breath, which is useful for metabolic measurements, is presented.