“…IGFBP-1, in the presence of low concentration of platelet-poor plasma and IGF-I, stimulated DNA synthesis in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells, chick embryo fibroblasts, and mouse embryo fibroblasts [121, 122]. Koistinen et al [123]concluded that IGFBP-1 caused slow and steady release of IGF-I when they found that concentrations that can inhibit binding of IGF-I to its receptor sometimes enhance IGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation. The inhibition did not occur when IGFBP-1 was added without IGF-I, suggesting an effect due to the slow release of IGF-I and not due to a direct effect of IGFBP-1 [123, 124].…”