Insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and daily cycling estrogen are associated with mammographic density in premenopausal women

Frydenberg, Hanne; Flote, Vidar Gordon; Iversen, Anne; Finstad, Sissi Espetvedt; Furberg, Anne Sofie; Torjesen, Peter A.; Wilsgaard, Tom; Schlichting, Ellen; Ellison, Peter T.; Ursin, Giske; Thune, Inger

doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0389-z

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Although the sample size is too small to make definitive conclusions, one possible explanation for this observation may be related to the proliferative role of the IGF-1 axis on breast epithelium [26, 48]. Our findings thus support future studies to investigate the biochemical changes in the breast tissue before and after WLS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Short-Term Effect of Weight Loss Surgery on Volumetric Breast Density and Fibroglandular Volume

et al. 2016

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PurposeObesity and breast density are both associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and are potentially modifiable. Weight loss surgery (WLS) causes a significant reduction in the amount of body fat and a decrease in breast cancer risk. The effect of WLS on breast density and its components has not been documented. Here, we analyze the impact of WLS on volumetric breast density (VBD) and on each of its components (fibroglandular volume and breast volume) by using three-dimensional methods.Materials and MethodsFibroglandular volume, breast volume, and their ratio, the VBD, were calculated from mammograms before and after WLS by using Volpara™ automated software.ResultsFor the 80 women included, average body mass index decreased from 46.0 ± 7.22 to 33.7 ± 7.06 kg/m2. Mammograms were performed on average 11.6 ± 9.4 months before and 10.1 ± 7 months after WLS. There was a significant reduction in average breast volume (39.4 % decrease) and average fibroglandular volume (15.5 % decrease), and thus, the average VBD increased from 5.15 to 7.87 % (p < 1 × 10−9) after WLS. When stratified by menopausal status and diabetic status, VBD increased significantly in all groups but only perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and non-diabetics experienced a significant reduction in fibroglandular volume.ConclusionsBreast volume and fibroglandular volume decreased, and VBD increased following WLS, with the most significant change observed in postmenopausal women and non-diabetics. Further studies are warranted to determine how physical and biological alterations in breast density components after WLS may impact breast cancer risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Short-Term Effect of Weight Loss Surgery on Volumetric Breast Density and Fibroglandular Volume

et al. 2016

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“…Individuals adapted to NSW experience lower GH nocturnal release, more frequent daily pulses and sporadic random releases (46). GH and IGF-1 promote breast cell proliferation and both have been associated with higher MD among women with high levels of estrogen (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Mammographic Density in Long-Term Night-Shift Workers: DDM-Spain/Var-DDM

Pedraza-Flechas

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Sánchez-Contador

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Night-shift work (NSW) has been suggested as a possible cause of breast cancer, and its association with mammographic density (MD), one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer, has been scarcely addressed. This study examined NSW and MD in Spanish women. The study covered 2,752 women aged 45-68 years recruited in 2007-2008 in 7 population-based public breast cancer screening centers, which included 243 women who had performed NSW for at least one year. Occupational data and information on potential confounders were collected by personal interview. Two trained radiologist estimated the percentage of MD assisted by a validated semiautomatic computer tool (DM-scan). Multivariable mixed linear regression models with random screening center-specific intercepts were fitted using log-transformed percentage of MD as the dependent variable and adjusting by known confounding variables. Having ever worked in NSW was not associated with MD [Formula: see text]:0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86-1.06]. However, the adjusted geometric mean of the percentage of MD in women with NSW for more than 15 years was 25% higher than that of those without NSW history (MD:20.7% vs. MD:16.5%;[Formula: see text]:1.25; 95% CI,1.01-1.54). This association was mainly observed in postmenopausal participants ([Formula: see text]:1.28; 95% CI, 1.00-1.64). Among NSW-exposed women, those with ≤2 night-shifts per week had higher MD than those with 5 to 7 nightshifts per week ([Formula: see text]:1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.84). Performing NSW was associated with higher MD only in women with more than 15 years of cumulated exposure. These findings warrant replication in futures studies. Our findings suggest that MD could play a role in the pathway between long-term NSW and breast cancer. .

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“…One mechanism by which IGF-1 may raise risk in younger women is by increasing breast density in pre-menopausal women, a known risk factor for cancer [ 653 ]. In addition, laboratory studies have shown that IGF-1 can regulate the growth and increase the proliferation of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) grown in vitro [ 654 ] and decrease the death of mammary tumor cells in laboratory animals [ 655 ].…”

Section: Evidence Linking Environmental Factors and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIn this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current high incidence of breast cancer.AbstractSingly and in combination, these toxicants may have contributed significantly to the increasing rates of breast cancer observed over the past several decades. Exposures early in development from gestation through adolescence and early adulthood are particularly of concern as they re-shape the program of genetic, epigenetic and physiological processes in the developing mammary system, leading to an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In the 8 years since we last published a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, hundreds of new papers have appeared supporting this link, and in this update, the evidence on this topic is more extensive and of better quality than that previously available.ConclusionIncreasing evidence from epidemiological studies, as well as a better understanding of mechanisms linking toxicants with development of breast cancer, all reinforce the conclusion that exposures to these substances – many of which are found in common, everyday products and byproducts – may lead to increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moving forward, attention to methodological limitations, especially in relevant epidemiological and animal models, will need to be addressed to allow clearer and more direct connections to be evaluated.

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Insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and daily cycling estrogen are associated with mammographic density in premenopausal women

Abstract: Frydenberg et.al 01.07.2015 2 Background: Mammographic density represents epithelial and stromal proliferation, while

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

The Short-Term Effect of Weight Loss Surgery on Volumetric Breast Density and Fibroglandular Volume

The Short-Term Effect of Weight Loss Surgery on Volumetric Breast Density and Fibroglandular Volume

High Mammographic Density in Long-Term Night-Shift Workers: DDM-Spain/Var-DDM

State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment

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