Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Cardiotrophin 1 Increase Strength and Mass of Extraocular Muscle in Juvenile Chicken

Li, Tian; Wiggins, Larisa M.; Bartheld, Christopher S. von

doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4414

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We previously reported that IGF1 and CT1 enhance the contractile force of EOMs [11, 38]. To determine whether the speed-enhancing and force-enhancing effects among growth factors are linked or are independent from each other, we measured the contractile force after treatment of EOMs with the same growth factors in either gain-of-function or loss-of-function experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seventy-seven chickens and four adult Wistar rats were used in this study. Some of the same animals previously used for force analysis [38] were further examined for kinetic analysis in this study. Animals were raised in brooders or cages in ventilated rooms with constant temperature and humidity and a 12-h light/dark cycle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of internalized and retained growth factor was then calculated and the effective doses determined as a percentage of the total amount that was injected into the orbit. Seven days is deemed sufficient to induce changes in EOMs after growth factor treatment, apparently due to structural changes [11, 38, 43]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth factors play an important role in muscle development and plasticity, and they may also control the transition of EOM fiber type composition, and the development of contraction speed and contractile force. Previous studies have shown that the growth factors IGF1 and CT1 can regulate within days some physiological parameters of EOM, including muscle strength [11, 38, 43]. Furthermore, IGF1 has been implicated in regulation of fast myosin heavy chain isoform expression as well as expression of calcium-handling proteins [32, 50, 57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to make rapid eye movements “rapid”: the role of growth factors for muscle contractile properties

Feng

Bartheld

2011

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Different muscle functions require different muscle contraction properties. Saccade-generating extraocular muscles (EOMs) are the fastest muscles in the human body, significantly faster than limb skeletal muscles. Muscle contraction speed is subjected to plasticity, i.e., contraction speed can be adjusted to serve different demands, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control contraction speed. Therefore, we examined whether myogenic growth factors modulate contractile properties, including twitch contraction time (onset of force to peak force) and half relaxation time (peak force to half relaxation). We examined effects of three musclederived growth factors: insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), cardiotrophin-1 (CT1), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). In gain-of-function experiments, CT1 or GDNF injected into the orbit shortened contraction time, and IGF1 or CT1 shortened half relaxation time. In lossof-function experiments with binding proteins or neutralizing antibodies, elimination of endogenous IGFs prolonged both contraction time and half relaxation time, while eliminating endogenous GDNF prolonged contraction time, with no effect on half relaxation time. Elimination of endogenous IGFs or CT1, but not GDNF, significantly reduced contractile force. Thus, IGF1, CT1, and GDNF have partially overlapping but not identical effects on muscle contractile properties. Expression of these three growth factors was measured in chicken and/or rat EOMs by real-time PCR. The "fast" EOMs express significantly more message encoding these growth factors and their receptors than skeletal muscles with slower contractile properties. Taken together, these findings indicate that EOM contractile kinetics is regulated by the amount of myogenic growth factors available to the muscle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to make rapid eye movements “rapid”: the role of growth factors for muscle contractile properties

Feng

Bartheld

2011

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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“…Although finding increased BrdU-positive cells in the satellite position in the mid region of the superior rectus muscles was somewhat surprising, similar changes in satellite cell reactivity in proximal regions of EOM after localized growth factor treatment have been reported. 27 In comparison to the effect of resection on rabbit superior rectus muscles, 12 recession surgery resulted in fewer BrdUpositive myonuclei as well as delayed upregulation compared with the rapid increase after resection surgery.…”

Section: Changes In Satellite Cells In Tenotomized and Recessed Supermentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Recession versus Tenotomy Surgery without Recession in Adult Rabbit Extraocular Muscle

Christiansen

Antunes-Foschini

McLoon

2010

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Schwann cells as a source of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 for extraocular muscles

Feng

Bartheld

2009

Muscle and Nerve

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Precise force regulation is fundamentally important for extraocular muscle (EOM) function. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a major role in EOM force regulation, but the source of endogenous IGF-1 is unclear. Multiple IGF-1 sources may supply EOMs, including: the EOM itself; the systemic circulation; innervating motoneurons; and Schwann cells within nerves. IGF-1 expression was measured in chicken during oculomotor system maturation by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Accumulation of radiolabeled IGF-1 in EOMs was compared after either injection into the vascular circulation or into the trochlear nerve. Schwann cells were the most prominent IGF-1 source. A microtubule-dependent mechanism exists to anterogradely transport IGF-1 to EOMs. EOMs were significantly more efficient in extracting IGF-1 from the nerve than from the systemic circulation. Therefore, Schwann cells are the most prominent and potentially the most important source of IGF-1 for EOMs. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of EOM force regulation and its failure in strabismus.

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Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Cardiotrophin 1 Increase Strength and Mass of Extraocular Muscle in Juvenile Chicken

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

How to make rapid eye movements “rapid”: the role of growth factors for muscle contractile properties

How to make rapid eye movements “rapid”: the role of growth factors for muscle contractile properties

Effects of Recession versus Tenotomy Surgery without Recession in Adult Rabbit Extraocular Muscle

Schwann cells as a source of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 for extraocular muscles

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