Insulin induced overeating in the rat

Brandes, Jack S.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90017-8

Cited by 72 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The majority of studies reported in the literature have reviewed the relationship between either fasting insulin, insulin response, or sensitivity and the amount of weight gained during a period of time. 6,[11][12][13]15 A previous study reported the efficacy of insulin suppression in promoting weight loss using diazoxide; 36 however, the magnitude of the effect of insulin suppression on weight loss was confounded by the concomitant use of a low-calorie formula diet in all patients, limited period of insulin suppression (8 weeks), and failure to examine insulin dynamics. This is the first study that prospectively evaluated the effect of chronic insulin suppression on fat mass and body weight in severely obese adult subjects without dietary or exercise intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulin suppression and weight loss PA Velasquez-Mieyer et al stimulates hyperphagia and fosters carbohydrate cravings, 13 producing increased levels of insulin that promote insulin resistance and exacerbation of the hyperinsulinemic condition. 46,51 This suggests that a vicious cycle is set in motion that perpetuates hyperinsulinemia and weight gain, and that breaking this cycle can promote weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The role of insulin in the pathogenesis of obesity has been previously suggested. [10][11][12] Studies link hyperinsulemia to carbohydrate craving, 13 hyperphagia, 13 and decreased fat oxidation and physical activity. [14][15][16] Acute glucose-stimulated insulin hypersecretion in insulinsensitive adults predicts weight gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of insulin secretion is associated with weight loss and altered macronutrient intake and preference in a subset of obese adults

et al. 2003

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PURPOSE:Hyperinsulinemia is a common feature of many obesity syndromes. We investigated whether suppression of insulin secretion, without dietary or exercise intervention, could promote weight loss and alter food intake and preference in obese adults. METHODS: Suppression of insulin secretion was achieved using octreotide-LAR 40 mg IM q28d for 24 weeks in 44 severely obese adults (89% female, 39% minority). Oral glucose tolerance testing was performed before and after treatment, indices of b-cell activity (CIRgp), insulin sensitivity (CISI), and clearance (CP/I AUC) were computed, and leptin levels, 3-day food records and carbohydrate-craving measurements were obtained. DEXA evaluations were performed pre-and post-therapy in an evaluable subgroup. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, significant insulin suppression was achieved with simultaneous improvements in insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and body mass index (BMI). Leptin, fat mass, total caloric intake, and carbohydrate craving significantly decreased. When grouped by BMI response, high responders (HR; DBMIoÀ3 kg/m 2 ) and low responders (LR; DBMI between À3 and À0.5) exhibited higher suppression of CIRgp and IAUC than nonresponders (NR; DBMI > À0.5). CISI improved and significant declines in leptin and fat mass occurred only in HR and LR. Conversely, both leptin and fat mass increased in NR. Carbohydrate intake was markedly suppressed in HR only, while carbohydrate-craving scores decreased in HR and LR. For the entire cohort, DBMI correlated with DCISI, Dfat mass, and Dleptin. DFat mass also correlated with DIAUC and DCISI. CONCLUSIONS: In a subcohort of obese adults, suppression of insulin secretion was associated with loss of body weight and fat mass and with concomitant modulation of caloric intake and macronutrient preference.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of insulin secretion is associated with weight loss and altered macronutrient intake and preference in a subset of obese adults

et al. 2003

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“…It is well established that glucocorticoids stimulate feeding behaviour and insulin secretion (Dallman et al 1995), and that cortisol excess can cause insulin resistance and obesity in humans (Brandes 1977). Cortisol promotes differentiation of adipocyte precursors into adipocytes and stimulates lipogenesis in the presence of insulin (Grégoire et al 1991), and may have a role to play in the increased appetite, feed utilisation and fat accretion at this time of year in stags.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in cortisol secretion and adrenal responsiveness to ACTH and yarding in unrestrained red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags

Ingram

Crockford²,

Matthews³

1999

Journal of Endocrinology

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Seasonal changes in the activity and responsiveness of the adrenal gland in red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags were quantified by measuring 24 h endogenous cortisol secretory profiles and plasma cortisol responses to either administration of exogenous ACTH or a standardised stressor during November (period of velvet growth), February (pre-rut), April (mid-rut) and July (post-rut) (southern hemisphere) using a remote blood sampling device (DracPac).Ultradian rhythms in the concentration of plasma cortisol were observed resulting from the episodic secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex at a mean rate of 0·8 pulses/h. Circadian rhythms in plasma cortisol concentrations were also found in 11 out of the 20 complete 24 h profiles (mean amplitude, 3·8 1·4 ng/ml).Seasonal rhythms in mean 24 h plasma cortisol concentrations and cortisol pulse parameters were also observed. Mean 24 h plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in November (12·5 1·0 ng/ml) than in February (6·3 1·0 ng/ml), April (4·0 1·0 ng/ml) or July (4·2 1·0 ng/ml). Cortisol pulse height, nadir and amplitude were all significantly higher in November than at other times of the year (P<0·01).Peak cortisol concentrations following infusion of ACTH 1-24 (0·04 IU kg -1 ) were higher (P<0·05) in November (55·8 2·7 ng/ml) and lower (P<0·001) in April (33·7 1·8 ng/ml) than those in February and July (48·7 2·0 ng/ml and 45·4 2·0 ng/ml respectively). The area under the cortisol response curve was significantly smaller (P<0·05) in April (266·6 15·3 ng/ml/ 190 min) than at other times of the year (February, 366·1 15·3 ng/ml/190 min; July, 340·7 15·3 ng/ml/ 190 min and November, 387·8 21·2 ng/ml/190 min).These data demonstrate that the adrenal gland of the red deer stag exhibits ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in activity, and that its responsiveness to ACTH varies with season. November, a period of reproductive quiescence in the southern hemisphere, with new antler growth and rapid weight gain, is associated with higher mean plasma cortisol concentrations and a greater responsiveness to exogenous ACTH. In contrast, the breeding season is associated with lower adrenal activity and responsiveness.

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“…Although excessive fat accu mulates in fatty rats (11)(12)(13), such a relation was not observed in the present experiment. Furthermore, fatty rats fail to increase their food intake when fed an energy-diluted diet (3), and when large amounts of energy are lost as urinary glucose in diabetes induced by streptozotocin (17). These results suggest that a negative feedback mechanism is not responsible for the regulation of energy intake in fatty rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Feeding in response to insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in Zucker rats on dietary self-selection.

Matsuo

Shimakawa

Ikeda

et al. 1984

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryAdult male fatty and lean rats of Zucker strain were given access ad libitum to either a single nutritionally complete diet, or a self selection regime with separate sources of three macronutrients, protein (casein), fat (hydrogenated coconut oil), and carbohydrate (sucrose). Animals on the single diet were fed on a powdered stock diet, and then switched to the self-selection regime. Energy intake on the self-selection regime was the same as that for the single diet condition in both fatty and lean rats. Fatty rats consumed 45% more energy than did their lean littermates. Further, fatty rats selected 47.0% of their total calories as protein, 30.1% as fat, and 22.9% as carbohydrate. The respective per centages for lean rats were 56.1, 13.0 and 30.9. In lean rats, the injection of insulin (10U/kg) or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (500mg/kg, 2DG) failed to increase energy intake, but increased carbohydrate intake 2 times by attenuating protein intake. Also in fatty rats, insulin did not increase energy intake, but it did increase carbohydrate by 50% by attenuating fat intake. 2DG decreased energy intake by attenuating carbohydrate and fat intakes in fatty rats. Fatty rats were slightly less hypoglycemic to insulin, but more hyperglycemic to 2DG than lean rats. These different self-selec tion patterns of fatty rats seemed to be associated with their endocrine, metabolic, and behavioral abnormalities.

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Insulin induced overeating in the rat

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

Suppression of insulin secretion is associated with weight loss and altered macronutrient intake and preference in a subset of obese adults

Suppression of insulin secretion is associated with weight loss and altered macronutrient intake and preference in a subset of obese adults

Ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in cortisol secretion and adrenal responsiveness to ACTH and yarding in unrestrained red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags

Feeding in response to insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in Zucker rats on dietary self-selection.

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