Insulin in post-mortem blood

Oksanen, Aulikki

doi:10.1007/bf00203833

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…100 m neighbourhood, given the typical dispersal distances of R. ponticum which influence population structure (Stephenson et al 2007). Correlograms were generated in the 'vegan' package (Oksanen et al 2013) at distance lags of 24 m for patchscale analyses, and distance lags ranging between 5 and 130 km for landscape-scale analyses. It was necessary to set the latter distance lags at irregular intervals due to the naturally sporadic distances between populations sampled in the field.…”

Section: Spatial Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant toxin levels in nectar vary spatially across native and introduced populations

et al. 2016

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Summary Secondary compounds in nectar can function as toxic chemical defences against floral antagonists, but may also mediate plant–pollinator interactions. Despite their ecological importance, few studies have investigated patterns of spatial variation in toxic nectar compounds in plant species, and none outside their native range. Grayanotoxin I (GTX I) occurs in nectar of invasive Rhododendron ponticum where it is toxic to honeybees and some solitary bee species. We examined (i) geographic variation in the composition of nectar GTX I, as well as GTX III (which is not toxic to these species), in the native and introduced range of R. ponticum, (ii) how their expression is structured at patch and landscape scales within ranges, and (iii) whether climatic and environmental factors underpin spatial patterns. While both GTXs varied within ranges, variation in GTX I, but not GTX III, was detected between ranges. GTX I expression was thus markedly lower or (in 18% of cases) absent from nectar in introduced plants. Spatial autocorrelation was apparent at both patch and landscape scales and in part related to heat load interception by plants (a function of latitude, aspect and slope). As expression of nectar GTXs was generally robust to environmental variation, and aggregated in space, this trait has the potential to be spatially discriminated by consumers. Given the specificity of change to GTX I, and its differential toxicity to some bee species, we conclude that its expression was likely to have been influenced during invasion by interaction with herbivores/consumers, either via pollinator‐mediated selection or enemy release from floral antagonists. Synthesis. As the first demonstration of large‐scale geographic variation and spatial structure in toxic nectar compounds, this work deepens our understanding of the chemical ecology of floral interactions in native and introduced species. Spatially explicit studies of nectar secondary compounds are thus required to show how the extent and structure of spatial variation may affect floral ecology. Future development of invasion theory should incorporate a holistic view of plant defence, beyond antagonistic interactions, which integrates the consequences of chemically defended mutualist rewards.

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Section: Spatial Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant toxin levels in nectar vary spatially across native and introduced populations

et al. 2016

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“…See text below for exceptions. Data analyses and visualization were undertaken in R Development Core Team, 2014 using the packages ‘cowplot’ ( Wilke, 2019 ), ‘drake’ ( Michael Landau, 2018 ), ‘emmeans’ ( Lenth, 2020 ), ‘nlme’ ( Pinheiro et al, 2019 ), ‘tidyverse’ ( Wickham et al, 2019 ), and ‘vegan’ ( Oksanen, 2019 ). Where necessary, region was accounted for in statistical models as a fixed effect, since two levels was too few to be included as a random intercept term.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowland plant arrival in alpine ecosystems facilitates a decrease in soil carbon content under experimental climate warming

Walker

Gavazov

Guillaume

et al. 2022

eLife

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Climate warming is releasing carbon from soils around the world1-3, constituting a positive climate feedback. Warming is also causing species to expand their ranges into new ecosystems4-9. Yet, in most ecosystems, whether range expanding species will amplify or buffer expected soil carbon loss is unknown10. Here we used two whole-community transplant experiments and a follow-up glasshouse experiment to determine whether the establishment of herbaceous lowland plants in alpine ecosystems influences soil carbon content under warming. We found that warming (transplantation to low elevation) led to a negligible decrease in alpine soil carbon content, but its effects became significant and 52% ± 31% (mean ± 95% CIs) larger after lowland plants were introduced at low density into the ecosystem. We present evidence that decreases in soil carbon content likely occurred via lowland plants increasing rates of root exudation, soil microbial respiration and CO2 release under warming. Our findings suggest that warming-induced range expansions of herbaceous plants have the potential to alter climate feedbacks from this system, and that plant range expansions among herbaceous communities may be an overlooked mediator of warming effects on carbon dynamics.

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“…https://www.xlstat.com/en). The Bray-Curtis index was used to measure beta diversity and was calculated using the Vegan package v. 2.6-4 (22). The coordinates for the NMDS plot were computed using the metaMDS function from the Vegan package.…”

Section: (Lumivero 2024mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel barcoded nanopore sequencing workflow of high-quality, full-length bacterial 16S amplicons for taxonomic annotation of bacterial isolates and complex microbial communities

Dommann,

Kerbl-Knapp,

Torres

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: Due to recent improvements, Nanopore sequencing has become a promising method for experiments relying on amplicon sequencing. We describe a flexible workflow to generate and annotate high-quality, full-length 16S rDNA amplicons. We evaluated it for two applications, namely, i) identification of bacterial isolates and ii) species-level profiling of microbial communities. Methods: Bacterial isolate identification by sequencing was tested on 47 isolates and compared to MALDI-TOF MS. 97 isolates were additionally sequenced to assess the resolution of phylogenetic classification. Species-level community profiling was tested with two full-length 16S primer pairs (A and B) with custom barcodes and compared to results obtained with Illumina sequencing using 27 stool samples. Finally, a Nextflow pipeline was developed to produce high-quality reads and taxonomically annotate them. Results: We found high agreement between our workflow and MALDI-TOF data for isolate identification (PPV = 0.90, Cramer's V = 0.857 and, Theil's U = 0.316). For species-level community profiling, we found strong correlations (rs > 0.6) of alpha diversity indices between the two primer sets and Illumina sequencing. At the community level, we found significant but small differences when comparing sequencing techniques. Finally, we found moderate to strong correlation when comparing relative abundances of individual species (average rs = 0.6 and 0.533, for primers A and B). Discussion: The proposed workflow enabled accurate identification of single bacterial isolates, making it a worthwhile alternative to MALDI-TOF. While shortcomings have been identified, it enabled reliable identification of prominent features in microbial communities at a fraction of the cost of Illumina sequencing.

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Insulin in post-mortem blood

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Plant toxin levels in nectar vary spatially across native and introduced populations

Plant toxin levels in nectar vary spatially across native and introduced populations

Lowland plant arrival in alpine ecosystems facilitates a decrease in soil carbon content under experimental climate warming

A novel barcoded nanopore sequencing workflow of high-quality, full-length bacterial 16S amplicons for taxonomic annotation of bacterial isolates and complex microbial communities

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