Insulin impregnated reduced graphene oxide/Ni(OH)2 thin films for electrochemical insulin release and glucose sensing

Recent advancements, key challenges and solutions in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on graphene platforms

“…The possibility of the development of multifunctional coatings by EPD, along with the simple processes, uniformly deposited lms and good control of the deposited lm thickness, conrmed this approach to be a favorable advancement over conventional strategies. 116 Zhang et al developed a NiO nanobers/rGO composite, and the morphological studies revealed that NiO nanobers with a diameter of 350 nm were effectively anchored on rGO surface. NiO/rGO/GCE exhibited a response time, linear response, detection limit and sensitivity of 5 s, 2.0 mM to 0.60 mM, 0.77 mM and 1100 mA mM À1 cm À2 , respectively, toward glucose detection under alkaline conditions at 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl.…”

Multimodal/Multifunctional Nanomaterials in (Bio)electrochemistry: Now and in the Coming Decade

“…Carbon nanomaterials are well suited for many relevant biomedical applications ( Table 2 ) [ 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ]. As it is known, theranostics is an emerging area that can take advantage of the use of nanomaterials, for example, as nanocarriers acting to detect agents and deliver multiple components, thus facilitating simultaneous synergistic diagnosis and therapies.…”

Electrochemically Stimulated Insulin Release from a Modified Graphene‐functionalized Carbon Fiber Electrode

“…5.3‐5.7 and it is negatively charged at neutral pH. Insulin is an important drug for diabetic patients, thus many systems for its signal‐controlled release , including electrochemically stimulated release , have been designed. While in our previous experiments modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes have been used, the use of electrodes with higher roughness, providing larger electrode surface area, would be an advantage for releasing biomolecules in larger quantity.…”

“…In the present work, the graphene‐modified carbon fiber electrodes were modified with a monolayer changing its charge upon electrochemically induced local pH changes. It should be noted that graphene electrodes have been already successfully used for the electrochemically stimulated insulin release ,, however, using an approach different from one reported in the present paper. While in the previous work , the adsorption/desorption of insulin on/from bare graphene‐electrodes was based on its physical adsorption (it is claimed to be π‐π stacking, but without any proof of the suggested mechanism), the approach reported in the present paper is based on well‐controlled electrostatic interaction between insulin and the modified electrode surface.…”

“…It should be noted that graphene electrodes have been already successfully used for the electrochemically stimulated insulin release ,, however, using an approach different from one reported in the present paper. While in the previous work , the adsorption/desorption of insulin on/from bare graphene‐electrodes was based on its physical adsorption (it is claimed to be π‐π stacking, but without any proof of the suggested mechanism), the approach reported in the present paper is based on well‐controlled electrostatic interaction between insulin and the modified electrode surface. Basically, the interaction of insulin with bare graphene‐electrodes is not much different from a similar approach using other none‐modified electrodes, e.g., made of Au, for the load/release of biomolecules .…”