Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies. II. Prevalence and characteristics of Candida and candidal lesions

Oral health awareness in adult patients with diabetes: a questionnaire study

“…13 People with diabetes have also been shown to be at greater risk of developing certain oral mucosal disorders such as lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oral fungal infections. 14 There is also evidence that people with diabetes have an increased risk of oral cancer and oral pre-malignancies. 15 Effective oral self-care, such as correctlyconducted tooth brushing and flossing,…”

Correlating the Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease with Oral Health: A Prospective Observational Study

“…The highest community periodontal index code was recorded in each segment code 0: No signs of periodontal disease, code 1: Gingival bleeding after gentle probing, code 2: Supragingival or subgingival calculus, code 3: 4-5 mm deep pathologic pockets, code 4: 6 mm or deeper pathologic pockets and code X: Missing index teeth Fungus examination 0.5-ml amount of uncentrifuged saliva was spread on Sabouraud glucose agar plates containing 50 mg of chloramphenicol per ml; plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h, and the number of CFU per milliliter of saliva was counted (11) . Assessment included evidence of clinical manifestations of candidiasis and a quantitative measure of Candida pseudohyphae in a cytologic smear from the midline posterior dorsal tongue (12) . The data was collected through a questionnaire and entered into contingency tables.…”

Assessment of Candidal carriage in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

“…5 Candida species especially Candida albicans have been frequently isolated from the oral cavity of patients with DM and it has been reported that upto 77% of insulin-treated diabetic patients harbour oral Candida. 9 Various studies have been reported in support of [10][11][12] and against [13][14][15] the hypothesis that "poor glycaemic control predisposes to oral candidal infection in diabetic patients". A study carried out by Aly et al 9 and Hill et al 12 found that oral carriage of yeasts was associated with increased plasma glucose levels (P<0.05) and concluded that poor glycaemic control was a significant contributory factor in palatal carriage of yeasts in patients with Type 2 DM (P <0.01).…”

“…8 Dehydration associated with elevated blood glucose increases osmotic gradients within the salivary glands, thereby limiting secretion. 10,23 Autonomic neuropathies that diminish the ability of salivary glands to respond to a salivary stimulus or microvascular changes that compromise the ability of salivary glands to respond to neural or hormonal stimulation in diabetic patients could explain the significantly lower salivary flow rates in diabetics. 10,23 Hyposalivation therefore compromises both the flushing and antimicrobial action of saliva.…”