Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Bertrams, J.; Baur, Max P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69770-8_118

Cited by 93 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The number of autoantibodies positive patients is far less than that of autoanfibodies negative patients among Japanese [21], and therefore, an increase in HLA-DRw9 found in autoantibodies positive patients might not be obvious if HLA-DR association is a Auto Ab=autoantibodies other than ICA; ATGA=antithyro-globulin antibody, ATMA=antithyromicrosome antibody, AGA= antigastric antibody, AAA = antiadrenal antibody; DR4/X = positive for HLA-DR4 but negative for HLA-DRw9, DRw9/X=positive for HLA-DRw9 but negative for HLA-DR4, DR4/9=posifive for both HLA-DR4 and DRw9; n =number of patients studied b p < 0.02 (male vs female) DR4/X~positive for HLA-DR4 but negative for HLA-DRw9, DRw9/X=positive for HLA-DRw9 but negative for HLA-DR4, DR4/9 = positive for both HLA-DR4 and DRw9 analysed in Type 1 diabetic patients in general. Recently, HLA-DR4 and DRw9 have been reported to be associated with Type I diabetes among Orientals including Japanese [22], which is in accord with the present study. The difference in HLA-DR phenotypes between Japanese and Caucasian Type 1 diabetic patients -HLA-DRw9 among Japanese and HLA-DR3 among Caucasians -is not likely to result from the difference in the nature of Type 1 diabetes between these two races, since there are no clinical differences in Type 1 diabetes between the two races, although the prevalence of a Auto Ab=organ-specific autoantibodies other than ICA; b cited from the data of the 8th Japan HLA Workshop [16]; RR=relative risk; NS = not significant; X = neither DRw9 nor DR4; n = number of patients studied; All comparisons were made against control subjects Type 1 diabetes is lower by 10-to 30-fold in Japanese than in Caucasians [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunogenetic heterogeneity in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes among Japanese ? HLA antigens and organ-specific autoantibodies

et al. 1989

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Summary. HLA phenotypes and haplotypes in relation toorgan-specific autoantibody responses were studied in 82 Japanese patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. HLA-DRw9 antigen and HLA phenotype of DRw9/X (X: not DR4) were increased in patients with organspecific autoantibodies other than islet cell antibody (CP<0.02, RR=4.02 and p<0.05, RR=2.30, respectively); whereas HLA-DR4 antigen and HLA phenotype of DR4/X (X: not DRw9) were increased in those without the autoantibodies (CP < 0.001, RR = 3.95 and p < 0.01, RR = 2.46, respectively). HLA haplotype of Bw61-DRw9 was increased in patients with the autoantibodies (p <0.005, RR=4.94), and HLA haplotype of Bw54-DR4 was increased in those without the autoantibodies (p < 0.001, RR= 5.52). The relative risk of HLA-DR4/DRw9 was the highest among all HLA-DR phenotypes or genotypes in patients either with or without the autoantibodies. No association was, however, found between the incidence of islet cell antibody and HLA-DR phenotypes. These findings suggest that Type 1 diabetes among Japanese is immunogenetically heterogeneous as is Type 1 diabetes among Caucasians; and the differences in HLA-association of Type 1 diabetes among ethnic groups might give a clue to understanding of a role of HLA-antigens in the development of Type 1 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunogenetic heterogeneity in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes among Japanese ? HLA antigens and organ-specific autoantibodies

et al. 1989

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“…The high level of DQw3 expression achieved in all cases indicates that an endogenous class II a chain was efficiently recruited for dimer formation and that the substitutions of variable residues at codons 13, 26, 45, and 57 did not interfere with this heterodimer formation. This DQ2 cell expressing the transfected DQ3.2,3 gene also provides an interesting model for IDDM immunogenetics: DR3/DR4 (DQ2/DQ3) heterozygous individuals have the highest relative risk for IDDM (18), suggesting some synergy between the HLA genetic contributions of these two haplotypes. In the present study, expression of the transfected DQ3.2p gene implies heterodimer formation between the endogenous DQ2a chain and the inserted DQ3.2.3 chain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutational analysis of the HLA-DQ3.2 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus susceptibility gene.

Kwok

Lotshaw

Milner

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Despite the role of HLA genetics in the aetiology of IDDM being well known [3,4] the role of putative environmental factors is not yet understood [5][6][7]. Epidemiologically based standardized surveillance systems provide information on the pattern of IDDM incidence which make comparison of IDDM incidence between countries within close geographical areas possible, thus offering an "indirect" way to trace potential environmental factors in the aetiology of IDDM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983-1992

Padaiga

Tuomilehto²,

Karvonen³

et al. 1997

Diabetologia

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Incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is rising in many areas of the world [1,2]. Despite the role of HLA genetics in the aetiology of IDDM being well known [3,4] the role of putative environmental factors is not yet understood [5][6][7]. Epidemiologically based standardized surveillance systems provide information on the pattern of IDDM incidence which make comparison of IDDM incidence between countries within close geographical areas possible, thus offering an "indirect" way to trace potential environmental factors in the aetiology of IDDM. A collaborative study on the childhood IDDM incidence in countries around the Baltic Sea was started in 1989 named "DIABALT". Short-term data have demonstrated a wide variation in the incidence of IDDM between countries around the Baltic Sea [8,9], from the highest incidence in the world in Finland to one of the lowest within Europe in Poland. In order to obtain more standardized rates for comparison of secular trends in incidence of IDDM in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania the analyses of the data were carried out for the period 1983 to 1992. Subjects and methodsGeographically the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are located on the south-east coast, while Finland is on the northern coast of the Baltic Sea. Genetically and culturally, the population of Finland is homogeneous [10], while Estonia Diabetologia (1997) 40: 187-192 Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983-1992 Summary We present secular trends of childhood onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the period of [1983][1984][1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990][1991][1992]. Incidence data were obtained from the national IDDM registries. The average agestandardized incidence per 100 000/year was 35.0 in Finland, followed by 10.2 in Estonia, 7.1 in Lithuania and 6.5 in Latvia. A male excess in incidence was recorded in Finland (1.15) and Latvia (1.01). In all countries, the highest age-specific risk of IDDM was observed in the 11-13 year age range. The large difference in incidence between Finland and other Baltic countries was seen even in 1-2-year-old children. During the 10-year study period overall changes in incidence of IDDM were relatively small in these four countries. The incidence increased in Finland and Lithuania on average by 1 % and 1.4 % per year, respectively. A statistically significant increase was recorded only in 0-4 year old children in Finland, at 5.6 % per year. In Estonia, an 8.3 % increase in this age group, however, was not statistically significant. The different trends in the age-group specific incidence rates were confirmed in Finland. In conclusion, from 1983 to 1992 the incidence of childhood onset IDDM was increasing in Finland and Lithuania, while in Latvia and Estonia it was stable. There are still great differences in IDDM incidence between the countries around the

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Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 93 publications

References 7 publications

Immunogenetic heterogeneity in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes among Japanese ? HLA antigens and organ-specific autoantibodies

Immunogenetic heterogeneity in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes among Japanese ? HLA antigens and organ-specific autoantibodies

Mutational analysis of the HLA-DQ3.2 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus susceptibility gene.

Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983-1992

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