Insulin and Cortisol Promote Leptin Production in Cultured Human Fat Cells

Wabitsch, Martin; Jensen, Per Bo; Blum, Werner; Christoffersen, Claus T.; Englaro, Piera; Heinze, E.; Rascher, Wolfgang; Teller, W. M.; Törnqvist, Hans; Hauner, Hans

doi:10.2337/diab.45.10.1435

Cited by 383 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…did not shift the peak and nadir timing of leptin). These results are consistent with previous findings that glucocorticoids stimulate leptin secretion or ob mRNA expression in adipose tissue [13, 14, 15, 16, 18], and exogenous glucocorticoid increased the concentration of circulating leptin in vivo [17, 18, 19]. Therefore, it is suggested that diurnal rhythm of cortisol does not play an essential role in generating leptin diurnal rhythm, but suggests that glucocorticoids modulate the leptin diurnal rhythm (mostly its amplitude).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Glucocorticoid Effects on the Diurnal Rhythm of Circulating Leptin Levels

Nishiyama

Makino

Suemaru³

et al. 2000

Horm Res Paediatr

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It is known that circulating leptin shows diurnal variation with a nocturnal rise; however, the mechanisms generating this rhythm have not been fully elucidated. Glucocorticoids are a potent stimulator of leptin secretion, and there is a reciprocal relationship between circulating leptin and glucocorticoid levels. We hypothesized that glucocorticoids could modulate the diurnal rhythm of circulating leptin. We therefore explored the diurnal variation of leptin under situations in which subjects showed no or some shift of glucocorticoid diurnal rhythm, such as prednisolone-administered humans, and adrenalectomized and corticosterone-replaced (ADX+B) rats. The peak level of plasma cortisol immunoreactivity was shifted from early morning to noon by prednisolone administration. The nocturnal increment of plasma leptin in prednisolone-administered patients (71.2 ± 14.2% from 08:00 h value) was significantly greater than that in normal volunteers (12.2 ± 7.5% from 08:00 h value), but the timing of nadir and the peak of plasma leptin was not shifted. In normal rats, the plasma concentration of leptin showed the diurnal rhythm with the bottom at 16:00 h and the top between midnight and early morning. The amplitude of leptin diurnal rhythm was significantly reduced in ADX+B rats (08:00 h: 3.0 ± 0.2, 16:00 h: 2.7 ± 0.2, 00:00 h; 3.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml) compared with sham operated rats (08:00 h: 3.0 ± 0.2, 16:00 h 2.2 ± 0.2, 00:00 h: 4.7 ± 0.4 ng/ml); but ADX+B rats still retained similar timing of nadir and the peak of plasma leptin as observed in sham rats. These results indicate that glucocorticoids enhance the amplitude of leptin diurnal rhythm, and are consistent with previous findings showing that glucocorticoids increase leptin secretion. Glucocorticoids appear to play modulatory, but not essential roles in generating leptin diurnal rhythm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Glucocorticoids are potent stimulators of leptin secretion [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19], and there is a reciprocal temporal relationship between circulating leptin and glucocorticoids [5, 20, 21]. The nocturnal increase in leptin, when compared as 24-hour secretory profiles, closely resembles the early morning rise of cortisol [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoid Effects on the Diurnal Rhythm of Circulating Leptin Levels

Nishiyama

Makino

Suemaru³

et al. 2000

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…In vitro studies have shown that leptin production by adipocytes can be influenced by several hormones. Testosterone and catecholamines inhibit leptin secretion [3, 4, 5], while insulin and cortisol stimulate its secretion by adipocytes [6, 7]. Studies on the in vivo secretion of leptin are still scarce, although the data are consistent with the in vitro findings [8].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Time Relationship between Circadian Variation of Serum Levels of Leptin, Insulin and Cortisol in Healthy Subjects

Wagner¹,

Oberste-Berghaus

Herpertz³

et al. 2000

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Leptin is involved in the regulation of eating behavior. Its serum levels are determined by fat mass but a diurnal rhythm is also described. It is not clear whether leptin levels are also controlled in vivo by hormonal stimuli, like insulin or cortisol. Methods and Results: This possible temporal relation was investigated by serial measurements during 24 h (group A) and 46 h (group B) in 15 healthy volunteers and another 10 subjects (group C) while fasting for 72 h. Maximal leptin levels were observed at 4:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. in subjects on a normal diet. During 24 h starvation (group B), there was a 40% decrease of mean leptin concentration when compared to baseline values. In group C, the leptin concentration under starvation dropped to 25% of basal levels after 72 h. Pooled data from group A and the nonfasting data from group B showed an insulin increase preceding leptin increase by 6 h (r = 0.405, p < 0.0001), while cortisol decreased 4 h (r = 0.361, p < 0.001) after leptin decrease. Conclusion: Starvation results in a fall of circulating leptin, ending leptin rhythmicity. Food intake is causally involved in the fluctuation of leptin levels in serum. Presumably this effect is mediated by insulin, while cortisol does not seem to affect leptin release directly in vivo.

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“…Apart from promoting glycogenolysis, it remains inconclusive whether leptin may act in part to induce hyperglycemia through gluconeogenic pathways. Previous studies have shown that cortisol increases leptin synthesis and secretion in human adipocytes (Wabitsch et al 1996), with leptin, in turn, suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis in both fish and humans (Szücs et al 2001. In the present study, we demonstrated that cortisol upregulates the expression of lepr in the liver of tilapia (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role for leptin in promoting glucose mobilization during acute hyperosmotic stress in teleost fishes

Baltzegar

Reading

Douros

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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Osmoregulation is critical for survival in all vertebrates, yet the endocrine regulation of this metabolically expensive process is not fully understood. Specifically, the function of leptin in the regulation of energy expenditure in fishes, and among ectotherms, in general, remains unresolved. In this study, we examined the effects of acute salinity transfer (72 h) and the effects of leptin and cortisol on plasma metabolites and hepatic energy reserves in the euryhaline fish, the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Transfer to 2/3 seawater (23 ppt) significantly increased plasma glucose, amino acid, and lactate levels relative to those in the control fish. Plasma glucose levels were positively correlated with amino acid levels (R 2 Z0.614), but not with lactate levels. The mRNA expression of liver leptin A (lepa), leptin receptor (lepr), and hormone-sensitive and lipoprotein lipases (hsl and lpl) as well as triglyceride content increased during salinity transfer, but plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride levels remained unchanged. Both leptin and cortisol significantly increased plasma glucose levels in vivo, but only leptin decreased liver glycogen levels. Leptin decreased the expression of liver hsl and lpl mRNAs, whereas cortisol significantly increased the expression of these lipases. These findings suggest that hepatic glucose mobilization into the blood following an acute salinity challenge involves both glycogenolysis, induced by leptin, and subsequent gluconeogenesis of free amino acids. This is the first study to report that teleost leptin A has actions that are functionally distinct from those described in mammals acting as a potent hyperglycemic factor during osmotic stress, possibly in synergism with cortisol. These results suggest that the function of leptin may have diverged during the evolution of vertebrates, possibly reflecting differences in metabolic regulation between poikilotherms and homeotherms.

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Insulin and Cortisol Promote Leptin Production in Cultured Human Fat Cells

Cited by 383 publications

References 24 publications

Glucocorticoid Effects on the Diurnal Rhythm of Circulating Leptin Levels

Glucocorticoid Effects on the Diurnal Rhythm of Circulating Leptin Levels

Time Relationship between Circadian Variation of Serum Levels of Leptin, Insulin and Cortisol in Healthy Subjects

Role for leptin in promoting glucose mobilization during acute hyperosmotic stress in teleost fishes

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