Insulin: a review of analytical methods

Shen, Yixiao; Prinyawiwatkul, Witoon; Xu, Zhimin

doi:10.1039/c9an00112c

Cited by 73 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Calcium–phosphate product concentration was calculated as calcium concentration × phosphate concentration. Serum insulin levels were measured by using a chemiluminescence immunoassay [ 23 ], with intra-assay coefficients of variation of 2.5% at 43.1 pM and 1.2% at 423 pM. We computed HOMA-IR and HOMA-β scores, using the following formulas: HOMA-IR = (fasting insulin (μU/mL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL))/405 [ 24 ] and HOMA-β = 360 × (fasting insulin/(fasting glucose − 63)) [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Serum Calcium and Phosphate Concentrations with Glucose Metabolism Markers: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study

et al. 2020

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Calcium and phosphate may play an important role in cardio-metabolic abnormalities, including type 2 diabetes; however, epidemiological evidence of the association of calcium and phosphate status with glucose metabolism among Asians is limited. In the current study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the association of serum calcium, phosphate, and calcium–phosphate product concentrations with glucose metabolism markers among Japanese individuals. Overall, 1701 workers (aged 18–78 years) who participated in a health survey were enrolled in this study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate means of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Serum calcium concentration was positively associated with HOMA-IR and HbA1c (p for trend < 0.01). Multivariable-adjusted means (95% confidence interval (CI)) of HOMA-IR for the lowest and highest quartiles of serum calcium were 0.78 (0.75–0.82) and 1.01 (0.96–1.07), respectively. The corresponding values for HbA1c were 5.24 (5.22–5.27) and 5.29 (5.26–5.32), respectively. Serum phosphate and calcium–phosphate product concentrations were inversely associated with HOMA-IR (p for trend < 0.01). Multivariable-adjusted means (95% CI) of HOMA-IR for the lowest and highest quartiles of serum phosphate were 1.04 (0.99–1.09) and 0.72 (0.69–0.76), respectively. The corresponding values for calcium–phosphate product were 1.04 (0.99–1.09) and 0.73 (0.69–0.77), respectively. The current findings suggest that higher serum calcium and lower serum phosphate concentrations are associated with IR among apparently healthy adults.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Serum Calcium and Phosphate Concentrations with Glucose Metabolism Markers: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study

et al. 2020

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“…Insulin, which has an N -terminal Phe residue on its B-chain, is a peptide hormone integral in glucose regulation and metabolism with important implications in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Various analytical methods for insulin detection have been studied including immunoassays 6 and MS; 7 however, these techniques require expensive and bulky on-site instrumentation. Recent studies in optical detection methods have been based on surface plasmon resonance 8 and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, 9 but these methods rely on broad spectral signatures not specific to the molecular fingerprint of the analyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture of Phenylalanine and Phenylalanine-Terminated Peptides Using a Supramolecular Macrocycle for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection

et al. 2020

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“…Considering the mentioned limitations, a comparison of this method with earlier published assays showed that the present method is to some extent less sensitive, but by using high resolution mass spectrometry the qualitative (and quantitative) result interpretation is very strong. 5,11,12,21,22 Additionally, the simultaneous determination of C-peptide in the same assay enables a more comprehensive result.…”

Section: Proof Of Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified quantification of insulin, its synthetic analogs and C‐peptide in human plasma by means of LC‐HRMS

Thomas

Yang

Petring

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The quantification of peptide hormones by means of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or other techniques (e.g. immunoassays) has been a challenging task in modern analytical chemistry. Especially for insulin, its synthetic analogs, and C‐peptide, reliable determinations are urgently needed due to their diagnostic value in the management of diabetes and insulin resistance and because of the illicit use of insulin as a performance‐enhancing agent in professional sports or as an effective toxin in forensic toxicology. The concomitant measurement of C‐peptide and insulin offers an established tool for the diagnostic workup of hypoglycemia (endogenous vs. exogenous hyperinsulinemia), characterizing hepatic insulin clearance, and the assessment of beta‐cell function (insulin secretion). Thus, the present approach offers the possibility to determine human insulin and its synthetic analogs (lispro, glulisine, aspart, glargine metabolite, degludec, detemir, porcine, and bovine) and C‐peptide simultaneously after sample preparation utilizing protein precipitation and a mixed‐mode cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction, and subsequent detection by LC‐high resolution MS. The method was fully validated regarding the following parameters: specificity, limit of detection (0.2 ng/mL), limit of quantification (0.6 ng/mL), recovery (40–90%), accuracy (78–128%), linearity, precision (< 21%), carry over, robustness, and matrix effects. The proof‐of‐concept was shown by analyzing authentic plasma samples from adults with class II obesity and prediabetes collected in the course of an oral glucose tolerance test. All sample preparation steps were controlled by two stable isotope‐labeled internal standards, namely [[2H10] Leu B6, B11, B15, B17]‐insulin, and [[13C6] Leu 26, 30] C‐peptide.

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Insulin: a review of analytical methods

Abstract: Insulin is an important polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism.

Cited by 73 publications

References 68 publications

Association of Serum Calcium and Phosphate Concentrations with Glucose Metabolism Markers: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study

Association of Serum Calcium and Phosphate Concentrations with Glucose Metabolism Markers: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study

Capture of Phenylalanine and Phenylalanine-Terminated Peptides Using a Supramolecular Macrocycle for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection

Simplified quantification of insulin, its synthetic analogs and C‐peptide in human plasma by means of LC‐HRMS

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