Insulating Electrets Converted from Organic Semiconductor for High‐Performance Transistors, Memories, and Artificial Synapses

Abstract

Electrets are commonly used charged insulators that generate a quasi‐permanent electric field. However, when conventional electrets come into direct contact with semiconductors, the energy level mismatch at the interface results in low memory speed and high energy consumption of electret devices due to both charge injection and storage being non‐conducive. To address this, the n‐type semiconductor N,N′‐dioctyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (C8‐PTCDI) is converted to C8‐PTCDI (D) via oxygen degradation. The resulting C8‐PTCDI (D) electrets, when charged using an electric field and/or light, retain the energy level of the n‐type semiconductors to facilitate charge trapping. They also exhibit deeper trap energy levels and increased trap density, thereby enhancing the sheet charge density of C8‐PTCDI (D) electrets (7.47 × 1012 cm−2). As a result, devices based on n‐type electrets demonstrate lower operation voltage (2 V) of transistors, lower operation voltage (20 V) of memories, and lower energy consumption (3.5 fJ per spike) of artificial synapses compared to those without n‐type electrets.

Contact-Electro-Catalysis Through Electret Behavior to Facilitate Electron Transfer

“…The desired result is that space charges can provide an internal electrostatic field to the external environment, enabling the subsequent CEC reaction under an electric field (Figure 1d). 16,17,21,22 3.2. Physicochemical Characterization of PTFE Dielectric Powder.…”

“…In addition, the internal electric field of the polymer is expected to regulate the electron transfer at the solid–liquid interface. The charge inside the polymer can be thought of as applying an electric field to the outside world. , When the electron cloud at the solid–liquid interface overlaps strongly, the electron transfer between potential wells may be accelerated under the action of electric field force. , Therefore, the electret process is expected to effectively improve the catalytic degradation performance of general plastics in the field of CEC.…”

Introducing Chiro-optical Activities in Photonic Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing and In-Memory Logic Operations

“…3−5 The concept of the braininspired computing system relies on resistive switching and an associated memory phenomenon. In this direction, a range of materials, such as metal oxides, 6 organic semiconductors, 7 phase change materials, 8 perovskites, 4,9−11 2D materials, 12−14 etc., are being considered. As device structures, two and three terminal device geometries in the form of memristors, 4,10,15 and fieldeffect transistors, 5,16 respectively, have been studied to successfully emulate the diverse synaptic functions of the human brain.…”

“…With the inevitable advent of artificial intelligence that has caused a need for enormous data, conventional computers based on von Neumann architecture are facing severe challenges owing to the separation of the memory and the processor units. , Brain-like neuromorphic computers based on synaptic devices have thereby been proposed. − The concept of the brain-inspired computing system relies on resistive switching and an associated memory phenomenon. In this direction, a range of materials, such as metal oxides, organic semiconductors, phase change materials, perovskites, ,− 2D materials, − etc., are being considered. As device structures, two and three terminal device geometries in the form of memristors, ,, and field-effect transistors, , respectively, have been studied to successfully emulate the diverse synaptic functions of the human brain.…”

Self-Assembly Behavior, Aggregation Structure, and the Charge Carrier Transport Properties of S-Heterocyclic Annulated Perylene Diimide Derivatives

“…However, the development of n-type semiconductor materials lags far behind that of p-type semiconductors, greatly limiting the evolution of organic electronic devices [4][5][6]. Facing this dearth, perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs), a kind of promising n-type semiconductors with delectable electron carrier mobilities, have drawn our attention [7][8][9]. Suitably functionalized PDIs exhibit the great advantages of a wide range of UV-visible light absorption, low LUMO energy levels, high molar absorption coefficients, and adjustable energy levels, growing into an important class of molecules for progress in various organic electronics, including organic field-effect transistors, solar cells, and photocatalysts, etc.…”