Insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing for replacement beef heifers on restricted grass silage-based diet in a cold environment

Manninen, Merja; Sankari, Satu; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Kivinen, Tapani; Soveri, Timo

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.09.009

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Hereford heifers, kept in insulated pens, uninsulated pens and outdoors with a shelter from rain under cold Nordic conditions (minimum temperature -35 °C) did not show any harmful effects in terms of muscle injuries, significant stress or increased occurrence of disease in any of the treatments (Manninen et al, 2007). The authors concluded that replacement beef heifers on a restricted feeding scheme can be overwintered outdoors under such conditions, although the outdoor winter housing facilities must protect the animals from becoming wet and dirty where rain shelter and sufficient bedding material are important factors.…”

Section: Effects Of Cold On Young Calvesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems

2012

EFSA Journal

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Information given in previous Opinions "Welfare of cattle kept for beef production" (SCAHAW, 2001) and "The risks of poor welfare in intensive calf farming systems" (EFSA, 2006) is updated and recent scientific evidence on the topics reviewed. Risks of poor welfare are identified using a structured analysis, and issues not identified in the SCAHAW (2001) beef Opinion, especially effects of housing and management on enteric and respiratory diseases are reviewed. The Opinion covers all systems of beef production, although the welfare of suckler cows or breeding bulls is not considered. The Chapter on beef cattle presents new evidence and recommendations in relation to heat and cold stress, mutilations and pain management, digestive disorders linked to high concentrate feeds and respiratory disorders linked to overstocking, inadequate ventilation, mixing of animals and failure of early diagnosis and treatment. Major welfare problems in cattle kept for beef production, as identified by risk assessment, were respiratory diseases linked to overstocking, inadequate ventilation, mixing of animals and failure of early diagnosis and treatment, digestive disorders linked to intensive concentrate feeding, lack of physically effective fibre in the diet, and behavioural disorders linked to inadequate floor space, and co-mingling in the feedlot. Major hazards for white veal calves were considered to be iron-deficiency anaemia, a direct consequence of dietary iron restriction, enteric diseases linked to high intakes of liquid feed and inadequate intake of physically effective fibre, discomfort and behavioural disorders linked to inadequate floors and floor space. © European Food Safety Authority, 2012 KEY WORDSBeef cattle welfare, welfare of calves in intensive farming systems, risk assessment, updates. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and of calves in intensive farming systems.The European Commission is in the process of evaluating the European Union policy on animal welfare, taking account of socio-economic and trade issues. The overall aim is to improve the welfare of animals. To this end, the Commission requested EFSA to give an independent view on animalbased measures for the assessment of welfare in cattle, pigs and poultry. Before starting this work for beef cattle and calves, the Commission requested an update of scientific evidence relating to the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and calves in intensive farming systems; in particular, to consider the extent to which the conclusions and recommendations of two previous Scientific Opinions were still valid. These Opinions were the "Welfare of cattle kept for beef production" (SCAHAW, 2001) and "The risks of poor welfare in intensive calf farming systems" (EFSA, 2006).The SCAHAW (2001) Opinion "The Welfare of Cattle kept for Beef Production" differed from EFSA Opinions, in that it did not includ...

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Section: Effects Of Cold On Young Calvesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems

2012

EFSA Journal

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“…Accordingly, in outdoor or uninsulated conditions, growing cattle often exhibit good performance (e.g. Mossberg et al 1992, 1993, Redbo et al 1996, Manninen et al 2007), but opposite results have also been reported, e.g. by Delfino and Mathison (1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Finland, the effects of uninsulated housing have been studied with dairy calves (Kauppinen 2000, Hänninen et al 2003, Hepola et al 2006, beef heifers (Manninen et al 2007) and suckler cows (Manninen et al 2005(Manninen et al , 2008. However, most of these Finnish experiments have been conducted in Southern Finland (Helsinki 60º10'N, 24º56'E: Hänninen et al 2003, Hepola et al 2006 or Eastern Finland (Tohmajärvi 62º20'N, 30º15'E: Manninen et al 2005Manninen et al , 2007Manninen et al , 2008, and there are differences in climatic conditions (outdoor temperatures, rainfall, wind) in Northern Finland compared to other places mentioned. There is only little knowledge of the effect of different housing environments on the performance of growing bulls under climatic conditions like in Northern Finland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing Hereford bulls under insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing conditions in Northern Finland

Huuskonen¹,

Tuomisto²,

Joki‐Tokola³

2008

AFSci

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The objective of the present study was to compare the performance of Hereford bulls in an insulated tie-stall, an uninsulated barn and a forest paddock in Northern Finland (Ruukki: 64°44'N, 25°15'E). In November 1999, thirty Hereford bulls (age 6.8±0.5 (mean±SD) months; live weight (LW) 285±35 kg) were divided into six groups of five animals according to their LW and the groups were randomly allotted to one of three treatments: tie-stall in an insulated barn (IB bulls, ten animals in individual stalls), pen in an uninsulated barn (UB bulls, 5 animals per pen, two pens) and forest paddock (PAD bulls, 5 animals per paddock, two paddocks). The experiment ended in October 2000, when the bulls were 18.3±0.5 months of age and 772±51 kg LW. During the entire experiment the live weight gain (LWG) of the UB bulls was 7% higher than that of the IB bulls (1436 vs. 1339 g d -1 , p<0.05) and there was a tendency that the LWG of the PAD bulls was 6% higher than that of the IB bulls (1414 vs. 1339 g d -1 , p<0.1). Carcass gain of the UB bulls was 8% higher than that of the IB bulls (812 vs. 751 g d -1 , p<0.05). The carcass conformation score of the PAD bulls was 23% higher than that of the IB bulls (7.6 vs. 6.2 EUROP conformation, p<0.05), but there were no significant effects of treatments on the dressing proportion or carcass fat score. The dry matter and energy intakes (g/kg W 0.75 and MJ/kg W 0.75) of the IB bulls were significantly lower than those of the UB and PAD bulls during both feeding periods (winter: from 2 November 1999 to 25 April 2000, summer: from 26 April 2000 to 16 October 2000) and during the entire experiment. According to this study, finishing beef bulls can be overwintered outdoors in Northern Finland without warm housing facilities. Compared with the tie-stall system, the energy expenditure of walking and other exercise increases in outdoor housing systems, which also means increasing energy intake.

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“…In previous studies, growing cattle often exhibited good performance in outdoor or uninsulated conditions (Mossberg et al, 1992(Mossberg et al, , 1993Redbo et al, 1996;Huuskonen et al, 2009), but these studies were mainly conducted in latitudes further south than Northern Finland. In Finland, the effect of uninsulated housing has been studied mainly with good results with dairy calves (Kauppinen, 2000;Hänninen et al, 2003;Hepola et al, 2006), beef heifers (Manninen et al, 2007) and suckler cows (Manninen et al, 2008). However, these Finnish experiments were also conducted in latitudes further south than Northern Finland, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different housing systems for growing dairy bulls in Northern Finland – effects on performance, behaviour and immune status

Tuomisto

Huuskonen

Ahola

et al. 2009

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science

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We compared performance, behaviour and immune status of Ayrshire bulls raised in different housing environments in Northern Finland. Thirty bulls were allotted to one of three treatments: uninsulated barn (UB bulls, five animals/pen, two pens), forest paddock (PAD bulls, five animals/PAD, two PADs) and tie-stall in an insulated barn (IB bulls, 10 animals in individual stalls). The daily gain tended to be higher in the IB bulls than in the PAD bulls. Energy intake of the UB and PAD bulls was higher but the feed conversion rate was worse than that of the IB bulls. The time budgets and diurnal rhythms of the UB and PAD bulls were quite similar. The measures of immune (IgG) status indicate that the hygiene of the bulls' surroundings decreased in summer, especially in the IB. Our study indicates that dairy bulls can be overwintered outdoors in Northern Finland without warm housing facilities.

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Insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing for replacement beef heifers on restricted grass silage-based diet in a cold environment

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems

Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems

Animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing Hereford bulls under insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing conditions in Northern Finland

Different housing systems for growing dairy bulls in Northern Finland – effects on performance, behaviour and immune status

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