Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences

Owens, Judith

doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1696

Cited by 1,051 publications

(772 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The prevalent use of the Internet and online social media during the night may cause delays to bedtimes and shorten sleep durations [78,79]. Recently, more attention has also been given to the impact of stimulant use, in particular caffeine and energy drinks, on adolescent sleep patterns [80][81][82]. The current prevalence of the overconsumption of caffeine-containing food products amongst adolescents is high [83].…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Somnolent Youth-Sleep and the Influence of Exercise: A Narrative Review

Suppiah

Chia²,

Walk³

2015

Sports

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Abstract:Sleep is crucial to the physiological and psychological development of youth. The implications of insufficient sleep on learning and school performance are well documented. However, adequate sleep often goes unmet due to a combination of biological, societal, and environmental factors, especially during adolescence. In the present review, the changes to adolescent sleep patterns, and its consequences on cognition and learning are briefly explored. We then review the empirical literature of the role of exercise in regulating adolescent sleep patterns, and its potential mechanisms.

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Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Somnolent Youth-Sleep and the Influence of Exercise: A Narrative Review

Suppiah

Chia²,

Walk³

2015

Sports

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“…Therefore, despite caveats associated with any single line of evidence, sleep is widely believed to play a crucial role in the developing brain (Owens 2014). Despite great interest and progress, the interplay between sleep and development is not well understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sleep and Development in Genetically Tractable Model Organisms

Kayser

Biron

2016

Genetics

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Sleep is widely recognized as essential, but without a clear singular function. Inadequate sleep impairs cognition, metabolism, immune function, and many other processes. Work in genetic model systems has greatly expanded our understanding of basic sleep neurobiology as well as introduced new concepts for why we sleep. Among these is an idea with its roots in human work nearly 50 years old: sleep in early life is crucial for normal brain maturation. Nearly all known species that sleep do so more while immature, and this increased sleep coincides with a period of exuberant synaptogenesis and massive neural circuit remodeling. Adequate sleep also appears critical for normal neurodevelopmental progression. This article describes recent findings regarding molecular and circuit mechanisms of sleep, with a focus on development and the insights garnered from models amenable to detailed genetic analyses.

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“…Furthermore, stimulant medications may positively influence sleep indirectly by improving compliance and reducing bedtime resistance (a common problem for children with ADHD), thereby allowing children to fall asleep faster. 8 The effects of poor sleep on the emotional, cognitive, and physical functioning of youth are well documented, [10][11][12] making the issue of how stimulants affect child sleep a critical one. Pediatricians need to know the potential effects of stimulant medications on sleep, either positive or negative.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stimulant Medications and Sleep for Youth With ADHD: A Meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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CONTEXT: Mixed findings exist on whether stimulant medications alter youth sleep. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of stimulant medications on sleep.DATA STUDIES: Studies published through March 2015 were collected via CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed. References of retrieved articles were reviewed.STUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included studies with children/adolescents who had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), random assignment to stimulants, and objective sleep measurement. Studies that did not include information about key variables were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Study-level, child-level, and sleep data were extracted by 2 independent coders. Effect sizes were calculated by using random effects models. Potential moderators were examined by using mixed effect models.RESULTS: A total of 9 articles (N = 246) were included. For sleep latency, the adjusted effect size (0.54) was significant, indicating that stimulants produce longer sleep latencies. Frequency of dose per day was a significant moderator. For sleep efficiency, the adjusted effect size (20.32) was significant. Significant moderators included length of time on medication, number of nights of sleep assessed, polysomnography/actigraphy, and gender. Specifically, the effect of medication was less evident when youth were taking medication longer. For total sleep time, the effect size (20.59) was significant, such that stimulants led to shorter sleep duration. LIMITATIONS:Limitations include few studies, limited methodologic variability, and lack of unpublished studies.CONCLUSIONS: Stimulant medication led to longer sleep latency, worse sleep efficiency, and shorter sleep duration. Overall, youth had worse sleep on stimulant medications. It is recommended that pediatricians carefully monitor sleep problems and adjust treatment to promote optimal sleep.Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NebraskaMs Kidwell contributed to the conceptualization of the study, organized literature searches, coded the original studies, and drafted the introduction and discussion sections; Ms Van Dyk contributed to the conceptualization of the study, coded the original studies for reliability analyses, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Ms Lundahl contributed to the conceptualization of the study, conducted the meta-analyses, and drafted the methods and results sections; Dr Nelson contributed to the conceptualization of the study and provided critical editing of the manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences

Cited by 1,051 publications

References 132 publications

The Somnolent Youth-Sleep and the Influence of Exercise: A Narrative Review

The Somnolent Youth-Sleep and the Influence of Exercise: A Narrative Review

Sleep and Development in Genetically Tractable Model Organisms

Stimulant Medications and Sleep for Youth With ADHD: A Meta-analysis

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