Insufficient iodine intake in pregnant women in different regions of the world: a systematic review

Candido, Aline Carare; Morais, Núbia de Souza de; Dutra, Luiza Veloso; Pinto, Carina Aparecida; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves

doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000151

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(13 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Europe, according to a 2015 estimate, women in approximately two-thirds of countries with available data were iodine de icient during pregnancy [18]. Additionally, a recent systematic review of 13 studies by Candido, et al from different regions of the world, including 14,042 pregnant women showed that the prevalence of insuf icient iodine status ranged from 16.1 to 84.0%, and the median of iodine intake was insuf icient in 75% of the studies [19]. It is reported that in some iodine suf icient countries like USA, Japan, Iran, Austria, England, Norway, Italy, Sweden and etc.…”

Section: The Global Burden Of Iodine Defi Ciencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy: A matter of debate

Delshad¹,

Azizi²

2021

Arch Food Nutr Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the last few decades painstaking efforts have been made to eliminate iodine deficiency through the world. Nowadays in regions where dietary iodine intake is adequate or borderline, the main focus is increasing dietary iodine supply in the target population during pregnancy and the first years of life. Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of irreversible brain damage, intellectual disability, neurologic abnormalities, stunted growth, increased pregnancy loss, infant mortality, impairments in child development and cretinism. The potential effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are debated. Results from animal studies and observational human studies indicate that maternal mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency disturbs thyroid function in pregnancy and it also may affects fetal neurodevelopment. The effect of supplementation of iodine on thyroid function of pregnant women and their newborn, neurodevelopment of infants and cognitive performance of children have been investigated using iodine nutrition in pregnancy, based on median urinary iodine concentration. However they have found conflicting results regarding the benefits or harms of iodine supplementation in pregnancy. Although many epidemiological, interventional and clinical studies have supported the association between thyroid function in pregnant women and later psychomotor and mental development of their children, the effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on neurodevelopment of children is inconclusive. Even in areas with well-established universal salt iodization program, pregnancy could be at risk of having iodine deficiency and despite WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF recommendation which believe that dietary iodine fortification during pregnancy depends primarily on the extent of pre-existing iodine deprivation, systematic dietary fortification needs to be implemented in this vulnerable group. However, iodine supplementation of mildly iodine deficient pregnant women may not have beneficial effects in their thyroid function or neurodevelopment of their children.

show abstract

Section: The Global Burden Of Iodine Defi Ciencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy: A matter of debate

Delshad¹,

Azizi²

2021

Arch Food Nutr Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Historically iodine deficiency was thought to be more likely found in mountainous regions and areas exposed to frequent flooding (20). However, available data worldwide over the past two decades show that iodine deficiency is not restricted to those areas, and has been reported in different places around the world, including industrialized countries (21).…”

Section: Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, a recent systematic review of 13 studies from different regions of the world, including 14,042 pregnant women showed that the prevalence of insufficient iodine status ranged from 16.1 to 84.0%, and the median of iodine intake was insufficient in 75% of the studies (20). However, as there is no classification for mild, moderate, or severe iodine deficiency in pregnant women, it is difficult to portray the severity of this problem.…”

Section: Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Severe Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy: Evidence in Humans

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iodine is a necessary micronutrient for the production of thyroid hormones and normal human development. Despite the significant worldwide strategies for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency, it is still a prevalent public health issue, especially in pregnant women. Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy and neonatal period is associated with many major and irreversible adverse effects, including an increased risk of pregnancy loss and infant mortality, neonatal hypothyroidism, cretinism, and neuropsychomotor retardation. We will review the impact of severe iodine deficiency on maternofetal, neonatal, and offspring outcomes. We will also discuss its epidemiology, classification of iodine deficiency severity, and current recommendations to prevent iodine deficiency in childbearing age and pregnant women.

show abstract

“…regarding iodine deficiency) and environmental (p.ex. regarding type of pollutants exposed to) differences do exist among these populations [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The environmental degradation, which has occurred in recent years in urban and suburban settings in Greece [ 20 ], led us to the localized study of air pollution vs. thyroid status in pregnant women in Athens, Greece.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study

Ilias¹,

Kakoulidis²,

Togias³

et al. 2020

Medical Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to air pollution and, in particular, to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or particulate pollutants less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or 10 μm (PM10) in diameter has been linked to thyroid (dys)function in pregnant women. We hypothesized that there may be a dose—effect relationship between air pollutants and thyroid function parameters. We retrospectively evaluated thyrotropin (TSH) in 293 women, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 levels in Athens. All the women were diagnosed with hypothyroidism for the first time during their pregnancy. Exposure to air pollution for each woman was considered according to her place of residence. Statistical analysis of age, pregnancy weight change, and air pollutants versus TSH was performed with ordinary least squares regression (OLS-R) and quantile regression (Q-R). A positive correlation for logTSH and PM2.5(r = +0.13, p = 0.02) was found, using OLS-R. Further analysis with Q-R showed that each incremental unit increase (for the 10th to the 90th response quantile) in PM2.5 increased logTSH(±SE) between +0.029 (0.001) to +0.025 (0.001) mIU/L (p < 0.01). The other parameters and pollutants (PM10 and NO2) had no significant effect on TSH. Our results indeed show a dose—response relationship between PM2.5 and TSH. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological effects of atmospheric pollutants, in particular PM2.5, are being investigated.

show abstract

Insufficient iodine intake in pregnant women in different regions of the world: a systematic review

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy: A matter of debate

Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy: A matter of debate

Consequences of Severe Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy: Evidence in Humans

Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About