Instruments in Biotechnology and Medicine

Abstract

The sections in this article are Photonic Instruments in Medicine Introduction Optical Window of Cells and Tissues Laser Light–Matter Interaction as a Function of Intensity Photochemical Treatment of Tissues Thermal Processes in Light–Matter Interaction Nonlinear Processes in Light–Matter Interaction (Not to Be Confused with Nonlinear Optics) Minimally Invasive Diagnostics – Endoscopy History Types and Components of Endoscopes Advantages and Disadvantages of Endoscopy Application Fields Combination of Standard White Light Endoscopic with Other Diagnostic Methods Some Trends in Endoscopy Noninvasive Diagnostics – Photoplethysmography Introduction Characterization of the PPG Signal Signal Acquisition Clinical Applications Summary Noninvasive Diagnostics – Ophthalmology Introduction Corneal Topography Perimetry Optical Biometry Retinal Imaging and Glaucoma Diagnostics Fluorescein Angiography Wavefront Analysis In Vitro Diagnostics – Microscopy Light Microscope Fluorescence Microscope New Fluorescence Microscope Techniques Confocal Microscopy Raman Microscopy In Vitro Diagnostics – Digital Slides and Virtual Microscopy In Vitro Diagnostics – Optical Methods in Clinical Analysis System Optical Spectroscopy of Blood and Urine Components Optical Spectroscopy of Tissues and Vessels Optical Spectroscopy of Agglutination and Precipitation – Nephelometry, Turbidimetry In Vitro Diagnostics – Blood Gas Pressure Measurements Optical Detection of p O 2 in Blood Optical Detection of p CO 2 in Blood Optical Detection of Further Monitoring Parameters in Intensive Care (Temperature, p H ) In Vitro Diagnostics – Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Therapy Introduction Laser Therapy in Ophthalmology – LASIK (Refraction Correction by Cornea Treatment) Photonic Instruments in Biotechnology Introduction Selected Analytical Methods Introduction Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy ( RIf S ) Surface Plasmon Resonance ( SPR ) Fluorescence Methods Advanced Microscopic Techniques (Selection) Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay ( ELISA ) Optical Biosensors, Biochips, Miniaturized Analytical Systems High‐Throughput Screening ( HTS ) Sample Preparation: Flow Injection Analysis Fermentation as a Central Process of Biotechnology General Aspects Fermentation Control Photobioreactors Optical Trap/Optical Tweezers Basic Scheme of Laser Tweezers and Micromanipulation Applications of Optical Tweezers

Fast Estimation of the Spectral Optical Properties of Rabbit Pancreas and Pigment Content Analysis

“…When calculating the same ratios after performing the subtraction of the µ a-pigment (λ), the corrected µ a (λ) of the pancreas shows increased ratios both for DNA/RNA and hemoglobin. In the case of water, the absorption ratio at 980 nm decreases to about 1 2 of the value before the subtraction operation.…”

“…Since the middle of the XXth century the research and application of optical methods in clinical practice have evolved greatly. Light is a fast tool that can aid in the establishment of a precise diagnosis, does not cause side effects, can be focused with great precision to be used as a scalpel in the removal of damaged or diseased tissues or induce photochemical treatment effects in a noninvasive or minimally invasive way [1]. Due to the existence of various diagnostic or treatment applications in clinical practice that work in different spectral ranges from the ultraviolet (UV) to the terahertz (THz) [2], a particular field of interest in biophotonics is the determination of the spectral optical properties of tissues in a wide wavelength (λ) range.…”