Instrumentation of an Array of Ultrasonic Sensors and Data Processing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Teaching the Application of the Kalman Filter
“…• system engineering, 2 [5]. This system is of course deeply embedded in the lectures and practical projects and is one of their main pillars.…”
Section: B Uas Education For Ienacmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, UAS can be used to teach e.g. flight control [1] or data fusion [2]. Drones can also be seen as a tool, therefore some of the teaching focuses on the end-user application, such as cartography [3], or meteorological instrumentation integration as done by the French Meteorological Office [4].…”
The French Civil Aviation University's (ENAC, Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile) main objectives are to train personnel specialised in air transport, and to help these specialists adapt to civil aviation's evolution, such as the advent of Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) in our skies. This paper shows that in ENAC, education in UAS is carried out in the same way than education in manned aviation topics. The training is divided in main subjects, which are then allocated to each student population according to their future roles: engineers, air traffic controllers, technicians, etc. Teaching is led by skilled personnel and backed up by modern facilities and equipment. This allows ENAC to provide a competent, specialised work force, ready to work on all aspects of the emerging and disruptive UAS-based operations.
“…• system engineering, 2 [5]. This system is of course deeply embedded in the lectures and practical projects and is one of their main pillars.…”
Section: B Uas Education For Ienacmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, UAS can be used to teach e.g. flight control [1] or data fusion [2]. Drones can also be seen as a tool, therefore some of the teaching focuses on the end-user application, such as cartography [3], or meteorological instrumentation integration as done by the French Meteorological Office [4].…”
The French Civil Aviation University's (ENAC, Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile) main objectives are to train personnel specialised in air transport, and to help these specialists adapt to civil aviation's evolution, such as the advent of Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) in our skies. This paper shows that in ENAC, education in UAS is carried out in the same way than education in manned aviation topics. The training is divided in main subjects, which are then allocated to each student population according to their future roles: engineers, air traffic controllers, technicians, etc. Teaching is led by skilled personnel and backed up by modern facilities and equipment. This allows ENAC to provide a competent, specialised work force, ready to work on all aspects of the emerging and disruptive UAS-based operations.
“…They placed two sensors on a side to keep a fixed distance from the wall, hence can a good option to move through thin and long corridors. Similarly, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors are used in [12] where Parrot Drone is used while sensors were connected to the data acquisition board Arduino which interprets the received pulses to get the distance in meters. In order to increase the reliability, ultrasonic sensors can be combined with other navigation technologies.…”
Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have attracted the society and researchers due to the capability to perform in economic, scientific and emergency scenarios, and are being employed in large number of applications especially during the hostile environments. They can operate autonomously for both indoor and outdoor applications mainly including search and rescue, manufacturing, forest fire tracking, remote sensing etc. For both environments, precise localization plays a critical role in order to achieve high performance flight and interacting with the surrounding objects. However, for indoor areas with degraded or denied Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) situation, it becomes challenging to control UAV autonomously especially where obstacles are unidentified. A large number of techniques by using various technologies are proposed to get rid of these limits. This paper provides a comparison of such existing solutions and technologies available for this purpose with their strengths and limitations. Further, a summary of current research status with unresolved issues and opportunities is provided that would provide research directions to the researchers of the similar interests.
“…Many sensor systems for drones have been proposed for avoiding collisions [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. A drone equipped with a laser scanner has in a Correspondence to: Satoshi Tsuji.…”
In recent years, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, including drones, to conduct inspections has been attracting increasing attention. When a drone is used for inspections, it often approaches objects and obstacles, and its collision risk increases the closer it gets. In this study, we developed an omnidirectional proximity sensor system for drones using optical time-of-flight (ToF) sensors to avoid collisions. The sensor system consists of 87 ToF sensors that can estimate the distance between the sensors and objects. The ToF sensors are mounted on both the propeller guard of the drone and its body. Thus, they can measure objects horizontally, at ±45 • Z direction, and above the drone. Further, the sensor system can detect objects around the drone in a noncontact area. Accordingly, the drone can be controlled using the measured data. Our results show that drones using the proposed sensor system can avoid unexpected contacts and collisions during flights. Consequently, we believe that the sensor system will be highly useful in drone operation.
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