Instrumentation

Wendlandt, W.W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-703780-6.50006-7

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In particular, thermomechanieal analysis (TMA) and dilatometry readily yield data which can be used to determine linear and volumetric expansion coefficients, elasticity, glass transition temperatures, softening and melting points, volume relaxation, etc. An excellent review of the instrumentation and the measurement techniques in the area of polymers has been presented by Wendlandt and Gallagher [1], among others and therefore will not be repeated here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polymer characterization using thermomechanical analysis

Henderson

Emmerich

1991

Journal of Thermal Analysis

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NEIT_SCH-GERATEBAU GMBH, WITI'ELSBACHERSrRASSE 42, W-8672 SELl3, ER.G.The purpose of the work was to characterize the thermomechanical behaviour of two well-known and widely-used thermoplastic polymers. Both dynamic and constant load measurements were made for high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and amorphous polystyrene (PS). The results of these measurements yield valuable information which can aid in both design applications and material processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polymer characterization using thermomechanical analysis

Henderson

Emmerich

1991

Journal of Thermal Analysis

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“…The gradual, temperaturedependent change in the physical state of the polymer that occurs at T g , from solid glass to supercooled liquid (Figure 11) or vice versa, is accompanied by equally gradual changes in several, temperature dependent physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, etc., properties of the substrate (eg density, volume, specific heat, modulus, viscosity, enthalpy, etc.). As these changes in the thermodynamic (eg enthalpy, heat capacity), mechanical (modulus, viscosity), dielectric (dielectric constant), etc., properties of the substrate can be detected using various techniques, so a wide range of different experimental methods can be used to determine the range of temperature that corresponds to Tg, such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Dielectric Analysis (DEA) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) (eg, 272,[281][282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289][290] ).…”

Section: Determination Of T Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of elevated temperature and carriers in the dyeing of polyester fibres using disperse dyes: Part 1 fundamental aspects

Burkinshaw

2023

Coloration Technology

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This review concerns the application of disperse dyes to poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres using aqueous immersion dyeing processes and the roles of both elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers in such dyeing systems. This part of the paper presents a review of the fundamental properties and characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres, disperse dyes and dyeing accelerants. In the next part of the paper, the various theories and concepts which have been proposed to explain the promotional effects imparted by elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers to disperse dye uptake on PET and other types of fibre, are reviewed and analysed, from the viewpoints of the essential physico‐chemical aspects of both the aqueous disperse dye/PET and disperse dye/carrier/PET systems. The final part of the paper will present a dual‐mode mechanistic model of the disperse dye adsorption process which can be used to account for the promotional effects imparted by both elevated dyeing temperatures and dyeing accelerants on disperse dye uptake.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Finally, tan delta occurs at the highest temperature as it is de ned as the middle point between the rubbery and glassy state of the polymer (Instruments; Hagen et al 1994). DSC measurements were also conducted on all the samples, and T g was reported as the middle point of the slope during a heat cycle (Wendlandt and Gallagher 1981). Overall, all measurements showed a higher T g for the epoxy B when compared with A.…”

Section: In Uence Of Tocnf Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized mechanical and impact performance of high strength tempo oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF)—epoxy laminates

et al. 2021

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In this work, TEMPO cellulose nano bril (TOCNF) laminates were fabricated using a layup method. Two different TOCNF layers were tested, a neat TOCNF and a TOCNF with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) strengthening aid with four different epoxy formulations as interlayers for the laminates. Flexural testing showed a correlation between the presence of stronger layers (TOCNF + PVA) in the laminate with a higher exural strength, bending modulus, and work of failure. Different modes of fracture within the laminates occurred based on epoxy type. A stiffer epoxy generated a reduced mechanical response and substantial interlayer damage. On the other hand, a more ductile epoxy increased the WOF of the laminates, inducing a higher delamination at the interface. The addition of a silane coupling agent (APTES) resulted in a higher compatibility between the TOCNF and epoxy, generating an increased ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and a decreased energy to rupture associated with the reduction of crack digression mechanisms in the system. In general, laminates with stronger TOCNF layers (TOCNF + PVA) and increased adhesion (APTES), showed a exural strength increase of 61%, a bending modulus increase of 80% and the same WOF when compared with the original laminates. Finally, impact testing of TOCNF materials was performed for the rst time in literature, the speci c energy to rupture of laminates was comparable to those achieved by acrylic and borosilicate glass, while maintaining a higher or similar speci c strength to glass. Laminates showed good transparency and low haziness.

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Instrumentation

Cited by 10 publications

References 106 publications

Polymer characterization using thermomechanical analysis

Polymer characterization using thermomechanical analysis

The roles of elevated temperature and carriers in the dyeing of polyester fibres using disperse dyes: Part 1 fundamental aspects

Optimized mechanical and impact performance of high strength tempo oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF)—epoxy laminates

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