Instrumentation for measurement of dental plaque thickness in situ

Main, C.; Geddes, D.A.M.; McNee, S.G.; Collins, WJ; Smith, Dawn; Weetman, D.A.

doi:10.1016/0141-5425(84)90059-1

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Sorbitol is poorly metabolised by oral bacteria and thus provides the clearest illustration of removal by physical factors alone. Sorbitol persisted at fairly high levels even after 1 h, a finding which supports the hypothesis that the oral mucosa and teeth are covered by an unstirred layer of saliva approximately 0.1 mm thick [Main et al, 1984;Dawes, 1989] and there is a slow loss of the sorbitol retained thereafter into freshly secreted bulk whole saliva. On the other hand glucose is metabolised rapidly by oral bacteria [Gough et al, 1996] and its removal will be caused mainly by a combination of both this and swallowing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Human Salivary Sugar Clearance after Sugar Rinses and Intake of Foodstuffs

et al. 1999

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The aetiology of dental caries is in part related to the retention time of dietary carbohydrates in the oral cavity and their subsequent metabolism by the oral bacteria. Salivary clearance of fermentable carbohydrates from three different foodstuffs was examined in 5 subjects and analyses performed by high–performance anion–exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The clearance of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and sorbitol rinses was studied as well as that of chocolate bars, white bread and bananas. Of the sugar rinses studied, sucrose was removed from saliva most rapidly whilst appreciable levels of sorbitol remained even after 1 h. Clearance of residual carbohydrates from bananas and chocolate bars seemed marginally faster than in the case of bread, but sucrose levels still tended to fall more quickly than other carbohydrates studied. Surprisingly, carbohydrate residues from the three foods studied were still present in the mouth even 1 h after ingestion, which is longer than has hitherto been reported.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Human Salivary Sugar Clearance after Sugar Rinses and Intake of Foodstuffs

et al. 1999

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“…The difference in the fine adjustment settings can be used to calculate the thickness. A simple manual‐gauge needle method and an electronic probe to measure biofilm thickness have also been described. A properly prepared SEM sample or cryosection enables the estimation of biofilm thickness and also reveals layering of embedded bacterial cells .…”

Section: Biofilm Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm models and methods of biofilm assessment

Kishen¹,

Haapasalo²

2010

Endodontic Topics

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Endodontic microbes dwell within the infected root canal system as surface‐adherent biofilm structures. In order to simulate this in vivo situation, a variety of in vitro biofilm models are currently used in Endodontics for different microbiological experiments. Unfortunately a cogent selection of the best models to be used for a particular research application has not been obtained. This article outlines various factors to be considered while developing biofilm models in Endodontics. Different in vitro endodontic biofilm models, devices used to generate biofilms, and biofilm assays used to analyze these biofilm structures qualitatively and quantitatively are also presented in this article.

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“…An important observation in the present study was that the space between the biofilm top and the cover glass of the flow cell had a strong impact on biofilm pH (Figure 4). The saliva film thickness in the oral cavity has been determined experimentally to vary between 10 µm and 100 µm [23][24][25] but to our knowledge, its effect on biofilm pH has not previously been tested in other studies. The marked differences observed between pH in biofilms exposed to either low or high flow spaces could not be attributed to other factors, such as the biofilm thickness or the acidogenic potential of the biofilms, which was determined in a screening step (Figure S6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to saliva flow, the effect of the saliva film thickness on biofilm pH has received little attention. Depending on the method employed, the film thickness has been estimated to vary between 10 and 100 µm [23][24][25]. As the film thickness is proportional to the volume of buffering salivary medium that exchanges protons with the biofilm liquid, it may be an important and hitherto overlooked parameter influencing biofilm pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratiometric imaging of extracellular pH in Streptococcus mutans biofilms exposed to different flow velocities and saliva film thicknesses

Kristensen

Lau

Schlafer

2021

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Introduction: Fluid flow has a prominent influence on the metabolism of surface-attached biofilms. Dental biofilms are covered by a thin saliva film that flows at different rates in different locations under stimulated and unstimulated conditions. Methods:The present study employed pH ratiometry to study the impact of different flow velocities, saliva film thicknesses and saliva concentrations on microscale pH developments in Streptococcus mutans biofilms of different age. Results:While saliva flow at a velocity of 0.8 mm/min (unstimulated flow) had little impact on biofilm pH, stimulated flow (8 mm/min; 80 mm/min) affected vertical pH gradients in the biofilms and raised the average pH in 48-h biofilms, but not in 72-h and 168-h biofilms. The saliva film thickness had a strong impact on biofilm pH under both static and dynamic conditions. pH drops were significantly higher in biofilms exposed to a thin saliva film (≤ 50 µm) than a thick saliva film (> 50 µm). pH drops in the biofilms were also strongly dependent on the saliva concentration and thus the buffer capacity of the salivary medium. For 48-h and 72-h biofilms, but not for 168-h biofilms, pH drops in distinct microenvironments were more pronounced when the local biofilm thickness was high.

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Instrumentation for measurement of dental plaque thickness in situ

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Human Salivary Sugar Clearance after Sugar Rinses and Intake of Foodstuffs

Human Salivary Sugar Clearance after Sugar Rinses and Intake of Foodstuffs

Biofilm models and methods of biofilm assessment

Ratiometric imaging of extracellular pH in Streptococcus mutans biofilms exposed to different flow velocities and saliva film thicknesses

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