Instrumentation, electrode choice and challenges in human skin memristor measurement

Pabst, Oliver; Tronstad, Christian; Martinsen, Ørjan G.

doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037205

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Changes in skin properties due to electrodes (i.e., occlusion, electrolyte effects or skin irritation) or instrumentation [polarization of skin or electro-osmosis when using DC measurement (Pabst et al, 2017a,b)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on Bilateral Asymmetry in Electrodermal Activity

Bjørhei

Pedersen

Saeed

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The Multiple Arousal Theory ( Picard et al., 2016 ) was proposed to explain retrospective observations of bilateral differences in electrodermal activities occurring in threat-related high-stake situations. The theory proposes different cortical and subcortical structures to be involved in the processing of various facets of emotional states. Systematic investigations of this effect are still scarce. This study tested the prediction of bilateral electrodermal effects in a controlled laboratory environment where electrodermal activity (EDA) was recorded bilaterally during normal activity and two stress-tasks in 25 healthy volunteers. A visual search stress task with a performance-related staircase algorithm was used, ensuring intersubjectively comparable stress levels across individuals. After completion of the task, a sense of ownership of an attractive price was created and loss aversion introduced to create a high-stake situation. Confirmation of the theory should satisfy the hypothesis of a bilateral difference in EDA between the dominant and non-dominant hand, which is larger during high-stake stressors than during low-stake stressors. The bilateral difference was quantified and compared statistically between the two stress-tasks, revealing no significant difference between them nor any significant difference between the stress tasks and the period of normal activity. Subgroup analysis of only the participants with maximum self-rating of their desire to win the price ( n = 7) revealed neither any significant difference between the two tasks nor between the stress-tasks and the period of normal activity. Although the theory was not confirmed by this study, eight cases suggestive of bilateral difference within the recordings were identified and are presented. Because the study is limited in using one of several possible operationalizations of the phenomenon, it is not possible to draw a general conclusion on the theory. Nevertheless, the study might contribute to a better understanding and encourage systematic review and hypothesis development regarding this new theory. Possible explanations and suggestions for future pathways to systematically investigate the Multiple Arousal Theory are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on Bilateral Asymmetry in Electrodermal Activity

Bjørhei

Pedersen

Saeed

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…It was tried to reset the different initial conditions and to ensure galvanic contact through the sweat ducts by adding the one minute of workout at the stationary bike before the experiment started. It was shown that the non-linear electrical properties of human skin can change significantly before and after workout (see [ 24 ]). However, one minute on the stationary bike was very likely too short to cause any thermal sweating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A tub filled with saline solution (0.9% NaCl, electrical contact was realized by 6 Ag/AgCl electrodes that were placed at the well of the tub) in which the foot was placed was used as a large M-electrode to minimize the contribution of the corresponding skin memristor to the measurement (see [ 24 ]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectifying memristor bridge circuit realized with human skin

Pabst

2018

Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance

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It has been demonstrated before that human skin can be modeled as a memristor (memory resistor). Here we realize a memristor bridge by applying two voltages of opposite signs at two different skin sites. By this setup it is possible to use human skin as a frequency doubler and half-wave rectifier which is an application of the non-linear electrical properties of human skin. The corresponding electrical measurements are non-linear since these are affected by the applied stimulus itself.

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“…Beyond SCR, other measures also allow inference on SNA and, thus, on the same psychological variables. It remains to be determined whether measures such as skin potential and skin susceptance (Tronstad et al, ) or the memristor properties of the skin (Pabst, Tronstad, & Martinsen, ) yield additional information or can help reduce noise in the inverse inference.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Models For Different Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological modeling: Current state and future directions

et al. 2018

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Psychologists often use peripheral physiological measures to infer a psychological variable. It is desirable to make this inverse inference in the most precise way, ideally standardized across research laboratories. In recent years, psychophysiological modeling has emerged as a method that rests on statistical techniques to invert mathematically formulated forward models (psychophysiological models, PsPMs). These PsPMs are based on psychophysiological knowledge and optimized with respect to the precision of the inference. Building on established experimental manipulations, known to create different values of a psychological variable, they can be benchmarked in terms of their sensitivity (e.g., effect size) to recover these values-we have termed this predictive validity. In this review, we introduce the problem of inverse inference and psychophysiological modeling as a solution. We present background and application for all peripheral measures for which PsPMs have been developed: skin conductance, heart period, respiratory measures, pupil size, and startle eyeblink. Many of these PsPMs are task invariant, implemented in open-source software, and can be used off the shelf for a wide range of experiments. Psychophysiological modeling thus appears as a potentially powerful method to infer psychological variables.

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Instrumentation, electrode choice and challenges in human skin memristor measurement

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

An Investigation on Bilateral Asymmetry in Electrodermal Activity

An Investigation on Bilateral Asymmetry in Electrodermal Activity

Rectifying memristor bridge circuit realized with human skin

Psychophysiological modeling: Current state and future directions

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