Instrumental parameters of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: combined use of ultrasound densitometry and the FRAX model

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a systemic widespread disease of the musculoskeletal system that leads to impaired bone microarchitecture with a risk of fractures. The menopause period is one of the leading factors that leads to dysfunction of the RANK/RANKL/OTG signaling pathway, activating systemic inflammation. The purpose of the study was to determine the mineral status of bone tissue in menopausal women with simultaneous assessment of the risk of low-trauma fractures using ultrasound densitometry and the FRAX computerized model. The study included 153 people aged 20 to 89 years (mean age 55.3±15.4 years). Depending on the presence of menopause and gender, the corresponding groups were formed: I - main (menopausal women), II - control (women of reproductive age), III - comparison (men). The results of the study revealed a decrease in bone mineral density in the main group (I), where the T-criterion was -1.45± -1.95, compared with the control group (II) and comparison group (III), where the index was -0.51±0.7 and 0.27±0.72, respectively. The 10-year risk of any osteoporotic fractures according to the FRAX model demonstrates significantly higher risks in group I ([7.4 [4.0-15.0] %) compared to groups II and III, where the risks were 2.7 [2.4 - 3.3] % and 3.2 [2.3 - 3.8] %, respectively, p< 0.0001. As a result of the combined use of ultrasound densitometry and the FRAX model, lower bone mineral density of the radial bones in the main group was found compared to the control and comparison groups. The above results indicate that hypoestrogenism caused by the onset of menopause is a key factor in the development of osteodysmetabolic syndrome.