Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization in adhesive capsulitis: A randomized clinical trial

Exercise Therapy Is Effective for Improvement in Range of Motion, Function, and Pain in Patients With Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…As part of the multimodal program or solely, most common types of exercises were isometric or strengthening exercises of rotator cuff (RC), trapezius, scapular, and glenohumeral muscles, 56,61,63,66,67,74,76,80 muscle energy technics (e.g. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)), 57,64,66,69,72,75,77,84,87 wand/wall exercises, 62,64,66,76,83,84 (Codman) pendulum exercises, 56, 59, 62, 65-67, 70-72, 75-78, 80, 83-85, 87 and stretching exercises. 60,65,67,69,71,74,80,84 ROM exercises, 59,67,69,71 functional exercises (e.g.…”

“…The multimodal programs with and without exercises consisted of combinations of the following interventions: thermotherapy, 58,60,62,64,66,69,71,73,74,[77][78][79][80][82][83][84] ultrasound, 56,63,64,66,67,71,72,87 electrotherapy, 61,62,66,67,69,71,76,77 manual therapy, 56-58, 61-63, 65, 73-79, 81-83, 85, 87 oral medication, 68,69,79,86 continuous passive motion (CPM), 70,71 laser therapy, 59,72,78 infrared therapy, 67 a progressive stretch device, 73 spray and stretch technique, 76 electromagnetic therapy, 60 tuina (kind of manual therapy), 88 sleepers stretch, 80 and not further defined physical modalities. 81<...…”

“…Apley's scratch test was used as an alternative measurement for AROM in one study. 83 Scapular dyskinesis was assessed in only two studies and they used different outcome measures: scapular tipping 63 and the lateral slide test. 66 The included studies used various outcome measures for function/disability and pain.…”

“…For function/disability the following outcome measures were used SPADI, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 70, 71, 75-80, 83, 84, 86 CMS, 56, 69-71, 82, 85, 87, 88 Simple Shoulder Test, 66 Modified Upper Extremity Motor Activity Log, 57 University of California Los Angeles scale, 67 Oxford Shoulder Score, 82 Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), 74 PENN score, 74 patient-specific functional scale, 61 and FLEX-SF. 81 Most common used measures for pain were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 56, 59, 61, 64-71, 73-77, 84, 88 , Numeric Rating Scale, 72,83 and McGill Pain Questionnaire. 57 In some studies the outcome measure for pain and functional ability was an ordinal scale 60 or a self-constructed measure.…”

“…For local exercises with US a large increase in PROM in flexion was found. 56 Adding instrument-assisted soft-tissue massage, 83 RC strengthening exercises, 61 spray and stretch technique, 76 dynamic scapular recognition exercise 58 and end-range mobilizations, 81 mirror therapy 67 and local exercises with US 56 61765881 improve PROM (in at least one direction), and 83 CPM 71 and adding instrument-assisted soft-tissue massage 83 and scapulothoracic exercises 69 slightly improve PROM (in at least one direction) compared to a control intervention with exercises. 60 Mirror therapy 67 increases AROM (in at least one direction), while adding instrument-assisted soft-tissue massage 83 and CPM 71 slightly increases AROM (in at least one direction) compared to a control intervention with exercises.…”