Expectations for online distance delivery of higher education courses and programs are increasing globally, begging the question, 'Does modality matter?' Pedagogic research comparing online and face-to-face learning demands more examination, particularly synchronous delivery. The purpose of this empirical study is to determine whether the quality of learning differs between Master's groups of aspiring leaders (inservice teachers) based on instruction received synchronously online and in-person. In particular, best practices in curriculum and leadership within a constructivist context were scrutinized, with cognitive performances relative to delivery mode compared. Guiding this study were the community of inquiry (CoI) framework and two questions: 'Did student learning vary between groups completing the same course?' and 'Did students' cognitive learning capacity for making meaning change from one constructivist environment to the next?' For both groups, eight data sources (i.e. documents) were collected and analyzed: When examined, perspectives on technology, mathematics and reading were justice-oriented. For both cohorts, a strong cognitive orientation favoring equity and socially just schooling was revealed. Without noticeable variance between groups, the real-time, computerbased classroom proved equally effective to the physical classroom. This noteworthy result is addressed. As postsecondary institutions utilize distance formats, the latest knowledge resulting from a strategic side-by-side comparison can prove beneficial.Please note, due to space restrictions, the three appendixes that accompany this study are not included:(1) Activities in the Online and F2F Course;(2) Examples of Three Themes Across Documents by Online & F2F Groups(3) Midpoint Student Satisfaction Survey in the Online and F2F Course.
COMPARING MODALITIES 3
Context and PurposeRecall the qualitative-quantitative paradigmatic debate that consumed educational research for decades. These days, distance delivery of courses and programs is being hotly debated around educational issues of quality (Legon & Garrett, 2017). While faculties seem preoccupied with how best to instruct when physically separated from their students, administrators focus on student enrolment trends and sustainability. Caught within this yin-yang of institutional exigencies and faculty concerns regarding quality, academic units attempt to work creatively with reduced budgets and lower enrolments while addressing mandates to expand their programs. As the competition for prospective students intensifies, rapid growth in distance education has mobilized institutional problem-solving, despite diminished funding from, for example, states/provinces. Motivated to avoid dire consequences (e.g., consolidation and closure), many departments offer online options (Legon & Garrett;Mullen & Eadens, 2018)."Universal demand" for online education (Crea & Sparnon, 2017) begs the question, Does modality matter? Although pedagogic research comparing online and face-to-face (F2F) course delivery...