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The article is devoted to the study of transformations of the return migration of compatriots to Russia within the framework of resettlement programs at the federal and regional levels. The work is focused on the results and effectiveness of the mechanisms regulating the processes of return of compatriots to the Russian state. On the basis of official documents, statistical data and results of sociological studies there are identified the long-term trends in the resettlement of compatriots to Russia and their behavioral characteristics. Spatial features of the resettlement processes are considered. The analysis of difficulties in the incorporation of immigrants into the economic and social structures of Russian society is carried out. There are characterized the problems of creating the necessary conditions facilitating the processes of integration of compatriots into the Russian society. There are identified and disclosed the contradictions between the general strategic objectives of the policy regarding the return of compatriots and the measures implemented in practice to receive migrants according to the specified socio-economic criteria. It is shown that the implementation of resettlement programs at the regional level occurs solely based on the needs of economic development of territories, which significantly narrows the circle of potential migrants. It is proved that in reality the programs for resettlement of compatriots are used by Russian regions in their own interests as programs for organized recruitment of labor to stabilize the functioning of regional labor markets. Particular attention is paid to development of the tasks for finding the ways to activate the return migration of compatriots in the context of practical solutions to the problems of demographic development of both the country as a whole and most of its strategically important regions. As a result of the study, proposals and recommendations on the regulation of resettlement processes have been formulated that can serve as a basis for improving Russia's state policy regarding the resettlement of compatriots.
The article is devoted to the study of transformations of the return migration of compatriots to Russia within the framework of resettlement programs at the federal and regional levels. The work is focused on the results and effectiveness of the mechanisms regulating the processes of return of compatriots to the Russian state. On the basis of official documents, statistical data and results of sociological studies there are identified the long-term trends in the resettlement of compatriots to Russia and their behavioral characteristics. Spatial features of the resettlement processes are considered. The analysis of difficulties in the incorporation of immigrants into the economic and social structures of Russian society is carried out. There are characterized the problems of creating the necessary conditions facilitating the processes of integration of compatriots into the Russian society. There are identified and disclosed the contradictions between the general strategic objectives of the policy regarding the return of compatriots and the measures implemented in practice to receive migrants according to the specified socio-economic criteria. It is shown that the implementation of resettlement programs at the regional level occurs solely based on the needs of economic development of territories, which significantly narrows the circle of potential migrants. It is proved that in reality the programs for resettlement of compatriots are used by Russian regions in their own interests as programs for organized recruitment of labor to stabilize the functioning of regional labor markets. Particular attention is paid to development of the tasks for finding the ways to activate the return migration of compatriots in the context of practical solutions to the problems of demographic development of both the country as a whole and most of its strategically important regions. As a result of the study, proposals and recommendations on the regulation of resettlement processes have been formulated that can serve as a basis for improving Russia's state policy regarding the resettlement of compatriots.
The Russian authorities have begun to show great interest in their diverse Russian-speaking diaspora in the world and have proposed an official “Russkiy Mir” political strategy integrated into Russian foreign policy and policies towards Russian compatriots. The purpose of the article is to analyze the need of young Russian compatriots abroad in various forms of state and non – state support from Russia based on the questionnaire survey data. The article considers the results of a questionnaire survey of young Russian compatriots living abroad. The survey was conducted in 54 foreign countries. 2042 respondents aged from 14 to 30 years inclusive were interviewed. Most young Russian compatriots have formed a dual identity – Russian and the country of residence. Empirical data describing the need of young compatriots abroad in various forms of state and non-state support are obtained. Most young compatriots did not use measures of state and non-state support, low coverage of young compatriots by the events was established. The potential for consolidation is highlighted - the Russian language, the common historical and cultural heritage of Russia, viewing Russian media and television shows, as well as the development of economic ties.
Attracting compatriots living abroad is strategically vital in the context of continuing depopulation in Russia. However, a multilayered definition of the category of a compatriot creates blurred boundaries. As a result, it is somewhat problematic to assess the number of Russian compatriots living abroad objectively. The paper presents the results of a study of the socio-demographic structure of the Russian-speaking population in far-abroad countries. The statistical data of Rosstat, the UN, Eurostat, OECD, and national statistical services of foreign countries were analyzed to assess the number of Russian-speaking populations and determine the main emigration channels and geography of resettlement. Within the study, the authors have conducted an expert survey of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Embassies of the Russian Federation, and representative offices of Rossotrudnichestvo in foreign countries. The survey results indicate the heterogeneous structure of Russian-speaking communities by reasons of emigration, socio-economic status, degree of integration into the host society, gender, and ethnic composition, and geography of resettlement. However, state policy analysis towards compatriots shows that it targets people who already demonstrate an interest in Russia, participate in Russian-speaking organizations, and get involved in cultural, religious, and sports events. There is a need for cooperation and interaction with Russian-speaking people. Moreover, given that young people adapt and get integrated more efficiently, it is essential to prevent the loss of cultural capital of Russian-speaking youth living abroad. It is necessary to develop and implement a more differentiated approach towards interaction with the Russian-speaking population.
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