“…That is, there is path-dependence permitting and constraining these alliance systems’ ability to create tools and decide and enact measures for adapting to and countering new challenges and threats in a more uncertain and disordered international system (Moon & Rhyu, 2010; Xu, 2017; Yeo, 2011). On the one hand, the optimistic version of the narrative views this path-dependence as containing well-grounded, cooperation-based, experience-based, common-interest-focused, shared-identity-driven resources that could allow the Euro-Atlantic and Asia-Pacific alliance partners to help repair and positively reform the fraying international order.…”