“…Existing financial inclusion studies show that the determinants of financial inclusion have micro and macro dimensions. The macro determinants of the level of financial inclusion are per capita income, quality of governance institutions, telecommunication, literacy rate, availability of information and the regulatory environment while the micro determinants of the level of financial inclusion are gender, age, education level, financial literacy rate, income level and employment status (see, for example, Sarma and Pais, 2011;Chithra and Selvam, 2013;Park and Mercado, 2015;Ozili, 2023). Existing research shows that financial inclusion has a growth-enhancing effect on the economy (see, Kim et al, 2018;Erlando et al, 2020;Ozili, 2021b).…”