“…The landmark meeting for Open Archive Initiatives held by the Open Society Institute in Budapest, Hungary, 2001, resulted in diversification of the terms Green OA and Golden OA to denote both self-archiving and OA publishing (Poynder, 2010; Martin, 2022). In 2002, software applications such as Dspace, Eprint, Fedora, etc., were developed as platforms that provide long-term preservation, digital rights management, access control, dissemination, retrieval and flexible publishing capacities for the repositories (Oye et al , 2017). As IRs emerged in 2002, many research institutions launched their repositories globally.…”