Institutional quality and innovation performance: evidence from Italy

Abstract

Crimes against the public administration Index Number of crimes against the public administration over the number of public servants Table A1 (continued) Voice and accountability Social cooperatives Absolute value Social cooperatives per 100 000 residents ISTAT (2001) s Associations Absolute value Associations per 100 000 residents ISTAT (2004) t Election participation Turnout (%) 2001 general election Interior Ministry (2001) u Books published Absolute value Books published ISTAT (2007) v Purchased in bookshops Index Purchased books over the resident population Il Sole 24 Ore (2004) w Source: Nifo and Vecchione (2014) Note: a 'Indicatori territoriali per le politiche di sviluppo' (2004). b 'Relazione sull'attività svolta dalla gestione straordinaria dei Comuni commissariati' (1991-2005). c 'Atlante di competitività delle province italiane' (2001). d 'Atlante di competitività delle province italiane' ( 2001). e 'Relazione generale sulla situazione economica del Paese' (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)). f 'Atlante di competitività delle province italiane' (2001). g 'Ecosistema Urbano 2004' ( 2004). h 'Atlante di competitività delle province italiane' (2001). i 'Indicatori statistici sulle amministrazioni centrali e locali' (2003) (http://dati.statistiche-pa.it/). j 'Atlante di competitività delle province italiane' ( 2008). k 'Atlante di competitività delle province italiane ' (2003-2004). l 'L'indice Confartigianato -Qualità della vita dell'impresa' (2009). m 'Indicatori territoriali per le politiche di sviluppo' (2003). n 'Indicatori territoriali per le politiche di sviluppo' (2003). o 'Data-base on Crime and Deterrence in the Italian Regions ' (1970-1999). p 'Graduatoria rispetto agli esauriti per magistrato presente ' (2004-2008). q 'Le misure dell'economia sommersa secondo le statistiche ufficiali' (2003). r 'Analisi dell'evasione fondata su dati IRAP, Anni 1998-2002' (2006. s 'Le cooperative sociali in Italia' (2006). t 'Le organizzazioni di volontariato in Italia' (2005). u 'Archivio storico delle elezioni' (http://elezionistorico.interno.it). v 'La produzione libraia' (2007). w 'Dossier sulla qualità della vita ' (2004).

The Nexus between Foreign Competition and Buying Innovation: Evidence from China’s High-Technology Industry

“…At low levels of competition, firms may not have enough incentive to innovate because they face little threat of losing customers to competitors. This can result in a lack of innovation and a reluctance to invest in research and development (R&D) [103]. At high levels of competition, firms may focus more on short-term gains and competing on price rather than investing in long-term innovation.…”

The effect of institutions on R&D investment: the case of four mediterranean euro area states

“…The overall quality of institutions measured by WGI, has been examined by previous research. For example, institutional quality measured by WGI contributes to explaining the regional innovation gaps in Italy (D'Ingiullo and Evangelista, 2020). Following previous research, the five institutional variables used in this study are based on WGI: political stability, tax administration (in the context of government effectiveness), labor regulations (in the context of regulatory quality), courts' decisions (in the context of rule of law) and corruption.…”