Institutional Quality and Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ouédraogo, Idrissa; Dianda, Issa; Adeyele, Iyewumi Titilope

doi:10.5296/rae.v12i4.18103

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It increases life expectancy from 0.1745 to 0.599 years while improving the effect of school enrollment rates on lowering infant mortality rates from 0.0318 to 0.0484%. These outcomes partially support the findings of Opeloyeru et al 188 , Tadadjeu et al 189 , Iddrisu et al 190 , Alimi and Ajide 191 , Dhrifi 53 , and Asgher et al 192 , who also found the direct and spillover effects of institutional quality on health outcome indicators across different economic contexts. Interestingly, AIQ has been found to be effective in reducing the negative impact of inflationary shocks and economic volatility shocks on both life expectancy and infant mortality rates in the panel under review.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Azimi,

Rahman

2024

Sci Rep

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Air pollution poses a persuasive threat to global health, demonstrating widespread detrimental effects on populations worldwide. Exposure to pollutants, notably particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm (PM2.5), has been unequivocally linked to a spectrum of adverse health outcomes. A nuanced understanding of the relationship between them is crucial for implementing effective policies. This study employs a comprehensive investigation, utilizing the extended health production function framework alongside the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) technique, to scrutinize the interplay between air pollution and health outcomes. Focusing on a panel of the top twenty polluted nations from 2000 to 2021, the findings yield substantial insights. Notably, PM2.5 concentration emerges as a significant factor, correlating with a reduction in life expectancy by 3.69 years and an increase in infant mortality rates by 0.294%. Urbanization is found to increase life expectancy by 0.083 years while concurrently decreasing infant mortality rates by 0.00022%. An increase in real per capita gross domestic product corresponds with an improvement in life expectancy by 0.21 years and a decrease in infant mortality rates by 0.00065%. Similarly, an elevated school enrollment rate is associated with a rise in life expectancy by 0.17 years and a decline in infant mortality rates by 0.00032%. However, a higher population growth rate is found to modestly decrease life expectancy by 0.019 years and slightly elevate infant mortality rates by 0.000016%. The analysis reveals that per capita greenhouse gas emissions exert a negative impact, diminishing life expectancy by 0.486 years and elevating infant mortality rates by 0.00061%, while per capita energy consumption marginally reduces life expectancy by 0.026 years and increases infant mortality rates by 0.00004%. Additionally, economic volatility shock presents a notable decrement in life expectancy by 0.041 years and an increase in infant mortality rates by 0.000045%, with inflationary shock further exacerbating adverse health outcomes by lowering life expectancy by 0.70 years and elevating infant mortality rates by 0.00025%. Moreover, the study scrutinizes the role of institutional quality, revealing a constructive impact on health outcomes. Specifically, the institutional quality index is associated with an increase in life expectancy by 0.66% and a decrease in infant mortality rates by 0.0006%. Extending the analysis to examine the nuanced dimensions of institutional quality, the findings discern that economic institutions wield a notably stronger positive influence on health outcomes compared to political and institutional governance indices. Finally, the results underscore the pivotal moderating role of institutional quality in mitigating the deleterious impact of PM2.5 concentration on health outcomes, counterbalancing the influence of external shocks, and improving the relationships between explanatory variables and health outcome indicators. These findings offer critical insights for guiding evidence-based policy implications, with a focus on fostering resilient, sustainable, and health-conscious societies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Azimi,

Rahman

2024

Sci Rep

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“…Regarding health outcomes, Rehmat et al (2020) demonstrated that institutional quality helps improve life expectancy and lower infant mortality rates. Similarly, using different proxies for institutional quality, Ouedraogo et al (2020) found that institutions contribute to increased life expectancy at birth in sub-Saharan Africa. Dhrifi (2020) found that the quality of institutions has a crucial influence on how health spending affects infant mortality rates, acting as a key factor in shaping their relationship.…”

Section: Empirical Literature On Institutions and Development Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of institutional efficiency in achieving the SDGs: evidence from Africa

Musah

2023

JBSED

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PurposeThe objective of this study is to analyze the influence of institutional quality on the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using a data set comprising 45 African nations during the timeframe 2000 to 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe data are divided into two periods, with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) data covering the years 2000–2015 and the SDGs data spanning from 2015 to 2020. Controlling for other factors, the researcher employs an index of institutional quality and applies the generalized method of moments (GMM) method to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings demonstrate a noteworthy inverse relationship between institutional quality and the achievement of both the MDGs and SDGs. The findings reveal a significant and positive link between economic growth and the achievement of the MDGs, while the impact on the SDGs is shown to be insignificant. Population growth significantly drives the SDGs. The results further reveal that trade openness and industrialization contribute positively to the achievement of both the MDGs and SDGs.Practical implicationsThe findings emphasize the importance of improving institutional quality, promoting economic growth and supporting trade openness and industrialization for sustainable development in African countries.Originality/valueThe contribution of the study is twofold. Firstly and to the best of the author’s understanding, this research marks an initial endeavor to empirically investigate the nexus between institutional quality and the SDGs in the context of Africa. Secondly, it adds novelty to the literature by examining how institutional quality influences both the SDGs and their precursor the MDGs, providing insights into the actual contribution of institutions to development within the framework of these two major global compacts.

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“…Although Ouedraogo, Dianda, and Adeyele (2020) [ 45 ] support that institutional quality is paramount in healthcare efficiency, most studies [ 28 , 38 , 46 ] focus on the direct impact of health expenditure on U5MRs. Nevertheless, studies that considered institutional quality as the mediating effect in the said relationship only focused on public health expenditure.…”

Section: Literature Review On Under-five Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, some studies [ 45 ] assessed only the effect of institutional quality on five mortality, while a few studies [ 23 , 26 ] consider institutional quality as the mediating factor in the under-five mortality-health expenditure nexus. However, the current paper considers the institutional quality’s impact on the effect of each of the four health expenditure indicators on under-five mortality in SSA.…”

Section: Literature Review On Under-five Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Expenditure, Institutional Quality, and Under-Five Mortality in Sub-Saharan African Countries

Sibanda,

Qoko,

Gonese

2024

IJERPH

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The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between health expenditure, institutional quality, and under-five mortality rates in sub-Saharan African countries. Specifically, the study seeks to explore the mediating role of institutional quality in this relationship, focusing on understanding how variations in healthcare spending and institutional frameworks impact child health outcomes. By examining these dynamics, the study aims to provide valuable insights that can inform evidence-based policy interventions to reduce under-five mortality and improve child health outcomes in the region. Utilizing data spanning the years 2000 to 2021 from 46 sub-Saharan African countries, this study employs a systems GMM model to explore the intricate relationship between health expenditure and under-five mortality rates (U5MRs), with a particular focus on the mediating role of institutional quality. The findings reveal that the quality of institutions significantly influences the impact of health expenditures on the U5MR. Strong institutional quality enhances the effectiveness of health expenditure in improving child health outcomes, particularly concerning the allocation of external health funds. Conversely, poor institutional quality amplifies the positive impact of domestic private and out-of-pocket health expenditures on the U5MR, as these serve as coping mechanisms in the absence of robust public healthcare systems. This research emphasizes the need for strategies that increase health expenditure and prioritize institutional strengthening to ensure efficient resource allocation and healthcare system management, thereby reducing under-five mortality rates. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of policies that minimize reliance on private and out-of-pocket health expenditures, which can lead to financial burdens and worsened health outcomes. Sub-Saharan African countries can make significant strides toward improving child survival and overall public health by addressing these issues.

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Institutional Quality and Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

The role of institutional efficiency in achieving the SDGs: evidence from Africa

Health Expenditure, Institutional Quality, and Under-Five Mortality in Sub-Saharan African Countries

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