“…Hence, we can suggest that larger gold deposits can occur at a greater depth (>0.5 km) since geophysical data predict the presence of a large body of Khudolaz complex [24]. The reactivation of ancient and origination of new ore-controlling faults in this period of the South Urals evolution is linked to the process of oblique collision of the East European Paleocontinent and the Magnitogorsk island arc [19,24].…”
Section: Gold Deposits Distributionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…The West Magnitogorsk Zone of the South Urals (East Bashkiria) comprises hundreds of small-and medium-sized late Paleozoic gold deposits with a different origins [19][20][21].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…of small-and medium-sized late Paleozoic gold deposits with a different origins [19][20][21]. The prevalence of gabbro-granite intrusions suggests the magmatic-related genesis for most of these deposits.…”
Lode gold deposits are widespread in orogenic belts of various ages and are a valuable gold source, but their genesis remains debatable. The close relationship between native gold and quartz was considered a reason to search for acid-magmatic sources of heat and fluids (i.e., granite intrusions), while small gabbro bodies were often ignored. Six minor gold deposits associated with NE-strike faults were studied in the Khudolaz area of the South Urals (Tukan, Bilyan-Tau, Fazly-Tau, Muildy-Tamak, Alasiya-II and Isyanbet-I). It was established, for the first time, that all of the studied deposits are similar geologically but differ in mineralogical diversity of ore-bearing quartz veins, which is due to the different composition of host rocks and ore-bearing intrusions of the Khudolaz (325–329 Ma, U-Pb) and the Ulugurtau (321 ± 15 Ma, Sm-Nd) ultramafic-mafic complexes. Results of the geochemical study of quartz veins (ICP MS) and their fluid inclusions (microthermometry, gas chromatography) showed that native gold was mostly precipitated at temperatures of 230–330 °C from a low- to moderate-saline (8–12 wt.% NaCl-eq.) H2O–CO2–CH4-bearing fluid, when weakly oxidized or near-neutral conditions, were replaced by reducing ones. No significant differences between barren milky white and ore-bearing brownish quartz veins were defined, which indicates their common formation settings and an impulse pattern of vein injection. The stable pattern of the fluid salinity, along with low hydrocarbon and N2 contents, as well as a narrow range of δ18O values, indicate a prevailing magmatogenic source with a certain influence of host rocks but without the influence of meteoric waters. Based on the presented data, the studied deposits were attributed to the epizonal orogenic type. This study shows the formation of lode gold deposits is possible without the participation of granite massifs.
“…Hence, we can suggest that larger gold deposits can occur at a greater depth (>0.5 km) since geophysical data predict the presence of a large body of Khudolaz complex [24]. The reactivation of ancient and origination of new ore-controlling faults in this period of the South Urals evolution is linked to the process of oblique collision of the East European Paleocontinent and the Magnitogorsk island arc [19,24].…”
Section: Gold Deposits Distributionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…The West Magnitogorsk Zone of the South Urals (East Bashkiria) comprises hundreds of small-and medium-sized late Paleozoic gold deposits with a different origins [19][20][21].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…of small-and medium-sized late Paleozoic gold deposits with a different origins [19][20][21]. The prevalence of gabbro-granite intrusions suggests the magmatic-related genesis for most of these deposits.…”
Lode gold deposits are widespread in orogenic belts of various ages and are a valuable gold source, but their genesis remains debatable. The close relationship between native gold and quartz was considered a reason to search for acid-magmatic sources of heat and fluids (i.e., granite intrusions), while small gabbro bodies were often ignored. Six minor gold deposits associated with NE-strike faults were studied in the Khudolaz area of the South Urals (Tukan, Bilyan-Tau, Fazly-Tau, Muildy-Tamak, Alasiya-II and Isyanbet-I). It was established, for the first time, that all of the studied deposits are similar geologically but differ in mineralogical diversity of ore-bearing quartz veins, which is due to the different composition of host rocks and ore-bearing intrusions of the Khudolaz (325–329 Ma, U-Pb) and the Ulugurtau (321 ± 15 Ma, Sm-Nd) ultramafic-mafic complexes. Results of the geochemical study of quartz veins (ICP MS) and their fluid inclusions (microthermometry, gas chromatography) showed that native gold was mostly precipitated at temperatures of 230–330 °C from a low- to moderate-saline (8–12 wt.% NaCl-eq.) H2O–CO2–CH4-bearing fluid, when weakly oxidized or near-neutral conditions, were replaced by reducing ones. No significant differences between barren milky white and ore-bearing brownish quartz veins were defined, which indicates their common formation settings and an impulse pattern of vein injection. The stable pattern of the fluid salinity, along with low hydrocarbon and N2 contents, as well as a narrow range of δ18O values, indicate a prevailing magmatogenic source with a certain influence of host rocks but without the influence of meteoric waters. Based on the presented data, the studied deposits were attributed to the epizonal orogenic type. This study shows the formation of lode gold deposits is possible without the participation of granite massifs.
“…There are geological reserves of up to 96.4 billion tonnes of carnallite, up to 112.2 billion tonnes of sylvinite (sylvite), and up to 4.65 trillion tonnes of halite. The annual production of potassium-magnesium salts is estimated to be around 40 million tonnes (Kudriashov 2001).…”
Section: Study Areamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Khayrulina and Maksimovich 2018;Beltyukov 1996;Kudriashov 2001;Belkin 2020) cause active migration of highly mineralised drainage water into the groundwater. E uents seeping through the bed of the slurry storage facility are discharged directly into the underlying Quaternary (Q) and Speckled (P1ss) aquifers or run off to nearby drains, forming a large saline plume between the storage facility and the river channel.…”
Large amount of solid and liquid waste is a serious issue associated with potash mining and processing. Potash ore enrichment generates solid halite waste, clay-salt slurry, and industrial wastewater with a high content of water-soluble salts. The «environmentally friendly» storage of such waste is a difficult technological issue. Highly mineralised water is stored on the surface and discharged into slurry storage, while some of the effluent is recycled during the production process. Over the long period of slurry storage operation at the Verknekamskoe Potash Deposit, water filtration through the dam and the slurry storage base has created a stable flow of highly mineralised water into the surface water and groundwater. The slurry storage facilities that are currently in use cannot completely fulfil the protective environmental functions. This study provides scientific rationale for the potential use of slurry reservoirs as wastewater treatment facilities. The findings show that there are fewer suspended solids in clarified water: purification efficiency is greater than 99.9%. In the clarified circulating brine, the content of mineral impurities is reduced: the content of chloride ions decreases by 46%, and the content of dry residue decreases by 45.6%. Based on the findings, the study provides recommendations for the construction and new design of a slurry storage that can be used as a treatment facility on the territory of the Verkhnekamskoe Potash Deposit in order to reduce the negative environmental impact.
The article covers the reaction strategy of ethnic consciousness of the indigenous small-numbered peoples in the Russian North to the breakdown in understanding of the correctness of the response (Soviet civilization) within the civilizational challenge to the country. This overview is based on the case of tundra Nenets and a Russian-speaking prose writer A. P. Nerkagi. The article introduction presents the humanitarian approaches used in the analysis of the specific functioning of a territorial macro-object receiving a challenge. The concept devoted to the permissibility of the correctness/incorrectness of response, proposed by Arnold Toynbee, allows us to identify the mechanisms in functioning of complex phenomena (the literature of the empire) through segments of large territories and their authoritative subjects (the writer as an exponent of ethnic consciousness in an expanded text). This makes it possible to accumulate material for creating a new sociology of literature, improving its categorical apparatus and intersubject relations. Presented in the concluding section, the thematic complex of abnormalities in the ratio of internal and external in A. P. Nerkagi’s image of the characters supports the research concept of the syncretic and traditionalistic nature of the Nenets writer’s literary creativity. It also proves the existence of different phases in the development of Russian national literatures in accordance with the allocation of a three-link scheme in historical poetics. The purpose of the article is to describe the logic behind the search by an ethnosubject of restoring the supporting bases of world perception and the generation on this basis of a new narrative strategy corresponding to the deep organics of folk culture. All of this is due to such conditions where a total crisis of the previous cultural matrix is manifested.
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