Instillation of Six Different Ultrafine Carbon Particles Indicates a Surface Area Threshold Dose for Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice

Stoeger, Tobias; Reinhard, Claudia; Takenaka, Shinji; Schroeppel, A.; Karg, Erwin; Ritter, Baerbel; Heyder, J.; Schulz, Holger

doi:10.1289/ehp.8266

Cited by 431 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For soluble particles, mass is the only of the three characteristics that is of relevance since the soluble species dissolve immediately after deposition in the lung lining fluid. For non-soluble particles, the particle surface area is attracting increasing interest as several studies have shown a close correlation with the toxicological response -a result that may be explained by the interactions at the interface between the particles and the exposed tissue or proteins body fluids (e.g., Stoeger et al, 2006). This particle property is however not always easy to attain for irregular particles (like soot agglomerates) (Messing et al, 2012), or particles containing soluble material with an insoluble core.…”

Section: Respiratory Tract Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Resolved Respiratory Tract Deposition of Sub-Micrometer Aerosol Particles in a Residential Area with Wintertime Wood Combustion

Kristensson

Rissler

Löndahl

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Particle size distributions and hygroscopic growth were studied in a town in Sweden with extensive emissions from wood combustion. The average deposited fraction of particle number, surface area and volume dose in the human respiratory tract was estimated using the data set, as well as the typical deposition pattern of the two dominant particle source types: wood combustion and traffic exhaust. As far as we know, this is the first report on the deposited fraction and hygroscopicity of ambient particles from domestic wood combustion in the literature. The use of PM 2.5 as a substitute for the deposited dose was also tested. Source/receptor modeling and the hygroscopicity measurements showed that wood combustion and traffic exhaust are dominant sources, and that these particles have a low water uptake. Number fractions of 38 and 69% of the wood combustion and traffic particles, respectively, were deposited in the respiratory tract, and 53% of the particles were deposited as an average for the whole period. The deposited fraction of the surface area and volume dose was also calculated for wood combustion particles, with the result being 22% for both parameters. The results also revealed that the PM 2.5 average over more than 10 hours correlated well (r 2 > 0.80) with the deposited surface area and volume dose. This means that PM 2.5 can be used as proxy for the deposited dose when examining health effect relationships during short-term exposure studies if the averaging time is sufficient, while a PM 2.5 proxy is not recommended for shorter averaging times.

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Section: Respiratory Tract Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Resolved Respiratory Tract Deposition of Sub-Micrometer Aerosol Particles in a Residential Area with Wintertime Wood Combustion

Kristensson

Rissler

Löndahl

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is an important indicator of combustion emissions in ambient or indoor environments, may have direct impacts on health (e.g., Driscoll et al, 1996;Stoeger et al, 2006), and has been highlighted as a significant forcing agent for climate change (e.g., Ramanathan and Carmichael, 2008). Field studies around the world quantify atmospheric black carbon through two general approaches -off-line measurements where a sample is collected onto a filter and then measured in a laboratory setting; and online measurements where BC is continuously measured and reported on a time base of seconds to minutes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-processing Method to Reduce Noise while Preserving High Time Resolution in Aethalometer Real-time Black Carbon Data

Hagler

Vedantham

Turner

2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

198

121

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Real-time aerosol black carbon (BC) data, presented at time resolutions on the order of seconds to minutes, is desirable in field and source characterization studies measuring rapidly varying concentrations of BC. The Optimized Noisereduction Averaging (ONA) algorithm has been developed to post-process data from the Aethalometer, one of the widely used real-time BC instruments. The ONA program conducts adaptive time-averaging of the BC data, with the incremental light attenuation (∆ATN) through the instrument's internal filter determining the time window of averaging. Analysis of instrument noise and the algorithm performance was conducted using Aethalometer 1-second data from a soot generation experiment, where input BC concentrations were maintained constant and an optimal ∆ATN min value was defined. The ONA procedure was applied to four additional data sets (1 s to 5 min data), including cookstove emissions tests, mobile monitoring, continuous near-road measurements, and indoor air sampling. For these data, the algorithm reduces the occurrence of negative values to virtually zero while preserving the significant dynamic trends in the time series.

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“…Oberdörster (2001) suggested that aerosol surface chemistry appears to play an important role in ultrafine particle toxicity, more so than any other mechanistic pathway for interaction of particles with lung cells. More recently, Stoeger et al (2006) demonstrated that the PM surface area concentration was best correlated with lung cell inflammation in mice when they were exposed to six different vehicle exhaust-like aerosols. The correlation of health effects with surface area was more significant than the correlation with either particle size or organic carbon content at the same mass dosage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

Ntziachristos

Polidori

Phuleria

et al. 2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particle surface area has recently been considered as a possible metric in an attempt to correlate particle characteristics with health effects. In order to provide input to such studies, two Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitors (NSAMs, TSI, Inc.) were deployed in different urban sites within Los Angeles to measure the concentration levels and the diurnal profiles of the surface area of ambient particles. The NSAM's principle of operation is based on the unipolar diffusion charging of particles. Results show that the particle surface concentration decreases from ∼150 µm 2 cm −3 next to a freeway to ∼100 µm 2 cm −3 at 100 m downwind of the freeway, and levels decline to 50-70 µm 2 cm −3 at urban background sites. Up to 51% and 30% of the total surface area corresponded to particles <40 nm next to the freeway and at an urban background site, respectively. The NSAM signal was well correlated with a reconstructed surface concentration based on the particle number size distribution measured with collocated Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPSs, TSI, Inc.). In addition, the mean surface diameter calculated by combination of the NSAM and the total particle number concentration measured by a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC, TSI, Inc.) was in reasonable agreement with the arithmetic mean SMPS diameter, especially at the urban site. This study corroborates earlier findings on the application of diffusion chargers for ambient particle monitoring by demonstrating that they can be effectively used to monitor the particle surface concentration, or Received 24 June 2006; accepted 9 February 2007. This research was supported by the Southern California Particle Center (SCPC), funded by EPA under the STAR program through Grant RD-8324-1301-0 to the University of Southern California and was also supported by the NIEHS-NIH grant no. ES-12243 and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) contract no. 03-329. We would also like to thank Dr. Manisha Singh (TSI Inc.) for availing the NSAM monitors and her assistance with the operation of these instruments. The research described herein has not been subjected to the EPA required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use.Address correspondence to Constantinos Sioutas, University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3620 S. Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail: sioutas@usc.edu combined with a CPC to derive the mean surface diameter with high temporal resolution.

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Instillation of Six Different Ultrafine Carbon Particles Indicates a Surface Area Threshold Dose for Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice

Cited by 431 publications

References 43 publications

Size-Resolved Respiratory Tract Deposition of Sub-Micrometer Aerosol Particles in a Residential Area with Wintertime Wood Combustion

Size-Resolved Respiratory Tract Deposition of Sub-Micrometer Aerosol Particles in a Residential Area with Wintertime Wood Combustion

Post-processing Method to Reduce Noise while Preserving High Time Resolution in Aethalometer Real-time Black Carbon Data

Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

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