Instar determination for sugarcane internode borer Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Instar Determination for the Tomato Leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Using the Density-Based OPTICS Clustering Algorithm

“…Thus, accurate instar determination in pests is important for forecasting the outbreak of pest insects, life table analyses, key factor analyses, and other aspects of biology ( Esperk et al 2007 ). The toxicity of some insecticides, as well as the efficiency larval parasitoids, and the level of expression of certain genes with instar-wise variation are instar-specific ( Ramasubramanian et al 2020 ). The most direct method for determining the instar number is identifying morphological features by observing the molting larvae ( Puri 1925 , Kiguchi and Agui 1981 ).…”