Abstract:We present a simple set of power counting rules which allows us to easily estimate calculable instanton effects up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) factors. We apply the resulting Instanton NDA to examine the effects of small instantons on various axion models. We confirm that mechanisms that increase the axion mass via small instantons generically also lead to an enhancement of misaligned instanton contributions to the axion potential, deepening the axion quality problem. For gener… Show more
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