Instantaneous Attitude Estimation of Spacecraft Utilizing Joint Optical-and-ISAR Observation

Joint estimation of imaging plane and three‐dimensional structure based on inverse synthetic aperture radar image sequences

“…According to [8], the projection matrix of the ISAR imaging can be expressed as $$$$\begin{equation}\left[ \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{l} {{{\bf k}}}_R\\[3pt] {{{\bf k}}}_D \end{array} \right] = \left[ \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{c} {{\bf l}}\\[5pt] \dfrac{2}{\lambda }\left( {{{\bf l}} \times {{{\bm \omega }}}_{effective}} \right) \end{array} \right],\end{equation}$$$$where l is the line of sight (LOS) of radar, ω effective is the effective rotation velocity perpendicular to the LOS of radar. For non‐triaxial stabilized targets, ω effective is difficult to estimate, which leads to the deviation of the estimation of imaging plane vectors.…”