Instant nano-hydroxyapatite: a continuous and rapid hydrothermal synthesis

Chaudhry, Aqif Anwar; Haque, Saba; Kellici, Suela; Boldrin, Paul; Rehman, Ihtesham Ur; Khalid, Fazal Ahmad; Darr, Jawwad A.

doi:10.1039/b518102j

Cited by 151 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The authors used a new CHFS reactor (Adschiri et al 1992a,b;Darr & Poliakoff 1999;Cabanas et al 2000Cabanas et al , 2001Sue et al 2004;Hakuta et al 2005;Chaudhry et al 2006;Lester et al 2006;Norton et al 2006;Boldrin et al 2007;Weng et al 2007Weng et al , 2008Weng et al , 2009aChaudhry et al 2008;Zhang et al 2009a,b) known as a HiTCH flow synthesis reactor that allowed controlled delivery of mixed metal salt solutions into the system. Cerium ammonium nitrate and zinc nitrate were used as the metal ion feeds and all nanoparticles were produced under alkaline conditions because of the presence of potassium hydroxide in flow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional CHFS methods have been used previously by the authors and others for the synthesis of a range of nanoceramic oxides. Typically, up to 10 samples per day can reasonably be made (at a level of a few grams per sample) for more conventional CHFS (Adschiri et al 1992a,b;Darr & Poliakoff 1999;Cabanas et al 2000Cabanas et al , 2001Sue et al 2004;Hakuta et al 2005;Chaudhry et al 2006;Lester et al 2006;Norton et al 2006;Boldrin et al 2007;Weng et al 2007Weng et al , 2008Weng et al , 2009bChaudhry et al 2008;Lin et al 2009;Thompson et al 2009;Zhang et al 2009a,b). Recently, the authors described a new and more efficient manual CHFS route that allowed the synthesis of multiple nanoceramics compositions in a short time, called HiTCH (high-throughput continuous hydrothermal) flow synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-throughput continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of Zn–Ce oxides: unprecedented solubility of Zn in the nanoparticle fluorite lattice

Kellici

Gong

Lin

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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High-throughput continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis has been used as a rapid and efficient synthetic route to produce a range of crystalline nanopowders in the CeZn oxide binary system. High-resolution powder X-ray diffraction data were obtained for both as-prepared and heat-treated (850• C for 10 h in air) samples using the new robotic beamline I11, located at Diamond Light Source. The influence of the sample composition on the crystal structure and on the optical and physical properties was studied. All the nanomaterials were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and elemental analysis (via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Initially, for 'as-prepared' Ce 1−x Zn x O y , a phasepure cerium oxide (fluorite) structure was obtained for nominal values of x = 0.1 and 0.2. Biphasic mixtures were obtained for nominal values of x in the range of 0.3-0.9 (inclusive). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the phase-pure nano-CeO 2 (x = 0) consisted of ca 3.7 nm well-defined nanoparticles. The nanomaterials produced herein generally had high surface areas (greater than 150 m 2 g −1 ) and possessed combinations of particle properties (e.g. bandgap, crystallinity, size, etc.) that were unobtainable or difficult to achieve by other more conventional synthetic methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of Zn–Ce oxides: unprecedented solubility of Zn in the nanoparticle fluorite lattice

Kellici

Gong

Lin

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…However, over the last 10 years, researchers have had considerable success synthesizing a wider range of materials, including metals [14], spinel materials [15], sulfides [16,17], hydroxides [18,19], phosphates [20], nitrides [21], and more complex materials such as metal organic frameworks [22]. Figure 1 shows a range of particles from metals to oxides to sulfides that were synthesized during the SHYMAN project, which funded this research work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation

et al. 2016

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(2016) Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation. Nano Research, 9 (11). pp. 3377-3387. ISSN 1998-0000 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41016/1/1215_proof.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. ABSTRACTContinuous hydrothermal synthesis was highlighted in a recent review as an enabling technology for the production of nanoparticles. In recent years, it has been shown to be a suitable reaction medium for the synthesis of a wide range of nanomaterials. Many single and complex nanomaterials such as metals, metal oxides, doped oxides, carbonates, sulfides, hydroxides, phosphates, and metal organic frameworks can be formed using continuous hydrothermal synthesis techniques. This work presents a methodology to characterize continuous hydrothermal flow systems both experimentally and numerically, and to determine the scalability of a counter current supercritical water reactor for the large scale production (>1,000 T•year -1 ) of nanomaterials. Experiments were performed using a purpose-built continuous flow rig, featuring an injection loop on a metal salt feed line, which allowed the injection of a chromophoric tracer. At the system outlet, the tracer was detected using UV/Vis absorption, which could be used to measure the residence time distribution within the reactor volume. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations were also conducted using a modeled geometry to represent the experimental apparatus. The performance of the CFD model was tested against experimental data, verifying that the CFD model accurately predicted the nucleation and growth of the nanomaterials inside the reactor.

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“…[27][28][29] To date, various derivatives of HA, such as carbonated HA, [30][31][32] strontium HA, 33,34 F-substituted HA, 35,36 and HA-based nanocomposites, 37,38 have been reported. Some successful methods including emulsion, 39,40 hydrothermal method, 41,42 solvothermal method, 43 sonochemical precipitation, 44 hard-template method, 45 sol-gel method, 46 biomimetic method, 47,48 and microwave irradiation 49 have been employed in the synthesis of HA. Gajjeraman et al 50 used organic constituents of bones and teeth to control the nucleation and assembly of hierarchical HA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchically nanostructured hydroxyapatite: hydrothermal synthesis, morphology control, growth mechanism, and biological activity

2012

IJN

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Hierarchically nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) with flower-like structure assembled from nanosheets consisting of nanorod building blocks was successfully synthesized by using CaCl 2 , NaH 2 PO 4 , and potassium sodium tartrate via a hydrothermal method at 200°C for 24 hours. The effects of heating time and heating temperature on the products were investigated. As a chelating ligand and template molecule, the potassium sodium tartrate plays a key role in the formation of hierarchically nanostructured HA. On the basis of experimental results, a possible mechanism based on soft-template and self-assembly was proposed for the formation and growth of the hierarchically nanostructured HA. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated that the hierarchically nanostructured HA had good biocompatibility. It was shown by in-vitro experiments that mesenchymal stem cells could attach to the hierarchically nanostructured HA after being cultured for 48 hours. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop facile and effective methods for the synthesis of novel hydroxyapatite (HA) with hierarchical nanostructures assembled from independent and discrete nanobuilding blocks. Methods: A simple hydrothermal approach was applied to synthesize HA by using CaCl 2 , NaH 2 PO 4 , and potassium sodium tartrate at 200°C for 24 hours. The cell cytotoxicity of the hierarchically nanostructured HA was tested by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: HA displayed the flower-like structure assembled from nanosheets consisting of nanorod building blocks. The potassium sodium tartrate was used as a chelating ligand, inducing the formation and self-assembly of HA nanorods. The heating time and heating temperature influenced the aggregation and morphology of HA. The cell viability did not decrease with the increasing concentration of hierarchically nanostructured HA added. Conclusion: A novel, simple and reliable hydrothermal route had been developed for the synthesis of hierarchically nanosized HA with flower-like structure assembled from nanosheets consisting of nanorod building blocks. The HA with the hierarchical nanostructure was formed via a soft-template assisted self-assembly mechanism. The hierarchically nanostructured HA has a good biocompatibility and essentially no in-vitro cytotoxicity.

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Instant nano-hydroxyapatite: a continuous and rapid hydrothermal synthesis

Cited by 151 publications

References 29 publications

High-throughput continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of Zn–Ce oxides: unprecedented solubility of Zn in the nanoparticle fluorite lattice

High-throughput continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of Zn–Ce oxides: unprecedented solubility of Zn in the nanoparticle fluorite lattice

Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation

Hierarchically nanostructured hydroxyapatite: hydrothermal synthesis, morphology control, growth mechanism, and biological activity

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