Installing Piezometers in Deepwater Sediments

Lee, David R.; Harvey, F. Edwin

doi:10.1029/95wr03725

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Installation was accomplished according to previously published methods (Lee and Harvey ; Fritz and Arntzen ; Fritz et al ). This methodology involved a hollow drive rod with a disposable tip being manually driven into the river bed to the desired depth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Slug Tests in Mini‐Piezometers

Fritz¹,

Mackley

Arntzen

2015

Groundwater

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Slug tests performed using mini-piezometers with internal diameters as small as 0.43 cm can provide a cost effective tool for hydraulic characterization. We evaluated the hydraulic properties of the apparatus in a laboratory environment and compared those results with field tests of mini-piezometers installed into locations with varying hydraulic properties. Based on our evaluation, slug tests conducted in mini-piezometers using the fabrication and installation approach described here are effective within formations where the hydraulic conductivity is less than 1 × 10(-3) cm/s. While these constraints limit the potential application of this method, the benefits to this approach are that the installation, measurement, and analysis is cost effective, and the installation can be completed in areas where other (larger diameter) methods might not be possible. Additionally, this methodology could be applied to existing mini-piezometers previously installed for other purposes. Such analysis of existing installations could be beneficial in interpreting previously collected data (e.g., water-quality data or hydraulic head data).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Slug Tests in Mini‐Piezometers

Fritz¹,

Mackley

Arntzen

2015

Groundwater

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“…For this study, the screen midpoint was installed to a depth of 100 cm below the river bed surface. Installation was accomplished using methods similar to other published methods (Woessner and Sullivan 1984; Welch and Lee 1989; Lee and Harvey 1996; Geist et al 1998; Baxter et al 2003; Fritz et al 2007). A manual post driver was used to pound a disposable drive point and hollow drive rod (Geoprobe) to the desired depth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wet/Wet Differential Pressure Sensor for Measuring Vertical Hydraulic Gradient

Fritz

Mackley

2009

Groundwater

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Vertical hydraulic gradient is commonly measured in rivers, lakes, and streams for studies of groundwater-surface water interaction. While a number of methods with subtle differences have been applied, these methods can generally be separated into two categories; measuring surface water elevation and pressure in the subsurface separately or making direct measurements of the head difference with a manometer. Making separate head measurements allows for the use of electronic pressure sensors, providing large datasets that are particularly useful when the vertical hydraulic gradient fluctuates over time. On the other hand, using a manometer-based method provides an easier and more rapid measurement with a simpler computation to calculate the vertical hydraulic gradient. In this study, we evaluated a wet/wet differential pressure sensor for use in measuring vertical hydraulic gradient. This approach combines the advantage of high-temporal frequency measurements obtained with instrumented piezometers with the simplicity and reduced potential for human-induced error obtained with a manometer board method. Our results showed that the wet/wet differential pressure sensor provided results comparable to more traditional methods, making it an acceptable method for future use.

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“…However, piezometric surface data (Figure 8) from the region surrounding the western portion of Lake Ontario atop the Niagara escarpment suggests that the Hamilton Harbour is a regional groundwater discharge zohe [Ecologistics, 1976], and measurable upward gradients have been observed in near-shore piezometers [Lee and Harvey, 1996;Harvey, 1995]. The topography of the catchment basin surrounding the harbor would also suggest it to be a regional groundwater discharge point.…”

Section: Laboratory Verification and Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of hydraulic properties in deep lake sediments using a tethered pore pressure probe: Applications in the Hamilton Harbour, western Lake Ontario

Harvey¹,

Rudolph²,

Frape³

1997

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. Estimates of groundwater seepage flux in lake bottom sediments require knowledge of the hydraulic gradient at the sediment-surface water interface and the hydraulic conductivity of the lake-bottom materials. In deep waters, in situ measurement of these parameters can be accomplished through the use of piezometer probes lowered and monitored remotely from a surface vessel. In this research work a new tethered piezometer probe was developed and tested for use in collecting hydraulic property data in deep-lake bottom sediments. The probe uses a variable-reluctance transducer to measure the differential sediment pore pressure between two ports spaced 100 cm apart. The dissipation of pore pressure transients that develop during rapid emplacement of the probe were extrapolated in time to estimate equilibrium hydraulic gradients. In addition, various data analysis techniques were evaluated for determining sediment hydraulic conductivity and specific storage through interpretation of the pore-pressure dissipation data. The probe was used to estimate groundwater seepage in the bottom sediments of the Hamilton Harbour, at the western end of Lake Ontario. Upward gradients were measured at nine locations within the harbor ranging from 0.010 to 0.425 and a downward gradient of -0.015 was recorded at one site along the harbor's eastern boundary. Hydraulic conductivities determined from pore-pressure dissipation over time ranged from 6.9 x 10 -9 to 4.8 x 10 -7 m/s. Specific storage values ranged from 0.08 to 0.19 m -•. Calculated average linear seepage velocities ranged from 4.3 x 10 -8 to -8.5 x 10 -9 m/s. The groundwater contribution to the harbor through the deeper, fine-grained sediments was estimated to be 9.1 x 10 -2 m3/s, or 2.9 x 106 m3/yr. This represents approximately 1.0% of the harbor basin's total volume, 15% of precipitation's contribution, 1.2% of the contribution of surface inflows (excluding the Burlington ship canal) and 0.22% of the total surface outflow passing through the Burlington shipping canal, which connects the harbor to Lake Ontario. IntroductionComplete water balance calculations in surface water bodies require estimates of groundwater seepage fluxes through the bottom sediments. To estimate these fluxes, hydraulic gradients must be determined at the water-sediment interface along with values of the sediment hydraulic conductivity. Conventional groundwater-surface water studies commonly rely on piezometers placed in the bottom sediments to measure hydraulic gradients [Welch and Lee, 1989]. Single-well response tests (slug tests) performed within these piezometers are routinely used to estimate hydraulic conductivity [Hvorslev, 1951]. Alternatively, seepage meters [Lee, 1977;Lee and Cherry, 1978] can be used to measure groundwater seepage directly. At water depths greater than about 8 m, however, these methods are impractical owing to the difficulties encountered with installation and monitoring.To collect the required hydraulic data in deeper water bod- To our knowledge, the only document...

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Installing Piezometers in Deepwater Sediments

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Conducting Slug Tests in Mini‐Piezometers

Conducting Slug Tests in Mini‐Piezometers

A Wet/Wet Differential Pressure Sensor for Measuring Vertical Hydraulic Gradient

Measurement of hydraulic properties in deep lake sediments using a tethered pore pressure probe: Applications in the Hamilton Harbour, western Lake Ontario

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