Instability of the salinity profile during the evaporation of saline groundwater

Ильичев, А. Т.; Tsypkin, G. G.; Pritchard, David; Richardson, Chris N.

doi:10.1017/s0022112008003182

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We propose a model validated by experiments to estimate the maximum depth of water table hydraulically connected to surface, which is used to study the evaporai on process. When depth of water Steady-state solutions of the upward water l ow through a soil proi le supplied from a water table were studied by several researchers (e.g., Gardner, 1958;Warrick, 1988;Salvucci, 1993;Levine and Salvucci, 1999;Rose et al, 2005;Gowing et al, 2006;Il'ichev et al, 2008). In most treatments of this subject during the past decades, Gardner's pioneering model (Gardner, 1958;Gardner and Fireman, 1958) has been used.…”

Section: Evaporai On From Porous Media In the Presence Of A Water Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…h ey could locate the depth of the evaporation front and predict the rates of evaporation from the soil surface in the presence of a water table. Il'ichev et al (2008) developed a mathematical framework based on conservation laws and proposed models to describe the process of groundwater evaporation and upward liquid l ow. We propose a model validated by experiments to estimate the maximum depth of water table hydraulically connected to surface, which is used to study the evaporai on process.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaporation from Porous Media in the Presence of a Water Table

Shokri

Salvucci

2011

Vadose Zone Journal

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Evaporation from porous media in the presence of a water table is influenced by the water table depth and the hydraulic characteristics of the medium, among other factors. For shallow water tables, the upward capillary liquid flow maintains continuous liquid pathways connecting the water table to the surface. For deeper water tables, however, the hydraulic continuity may be disrupted due to the opposing gravity and viscous forces. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the limitation of the common assumption of liquid continuity through the unsaturated zone across large distances above a water table. The concept of the evaporation characteristic length was used to predict the maximum depth of the water table hydraulically connected to the surface. When the water table depth exceeded this characteristic length, the evaporative water loss was significantly suppressed due to the loss of liquid continuity. For model comparison, experimental data from the literature and data from laboratory evaporation experiments were used. Experimental results from cylindrical columns packed with sand with different particle size distributions connected to water tables fixed at various depths below the surface confirmed the existence of a finite characteristic length indicating the maximum depth of the water table hydraulically connected to the surface. The experimentally determined characteristic lengths were in a good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The obtained results also provided new insights regarding the solute transport and deposition patterns during evaporation in the presence of a water table.

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Section: Evaporai On From Porous Media In the Presence Of A Water Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation from Porous Media in the Presence of a Water Table

Shokri

Salvucci

2011

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…The first issue is that since one is unclear if σ 0 is greater or less than 1 before the determination of E, thus one is also unsure whether to use Equation (13) or Equation (14) to perform the computation. To address this issue, we recommend the following steps.…”

Section: Calculation Of Evaporation Rate E With the Modified Gardner mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the evaporative process is composed of an upward capillary liquid flow from the water table to the evaporative front (or vaporization plane) and a vapour diffusion through the upper dry layer. Many studies have been devoted to this subject, such as Rose et al [12], Gowing et al [13], Il'ichev et al [14], Lehmann et al [15], Shokri et al [16], and Shokri and Salvucci [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Steady-State Evaporation for an Arbitrary Matric Potential at Bare Ground Surface

Liu

Zhan

2017

Water

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Abstract:Evaporation from soil columns in the presence of a water table is a long lasting subject that has received great attention for many decades. Available analytical studies on the subject often involve an assumption that the potential evaporation rate is much less than the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. In this study, we develop a new semi-analytical method to estimate the evaporation rate for an arbitrary matric potential head at bare soil surface without assuming that the potential evaporation rate is much less than the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The results show that the evaporation rates calculated by the new solutions fit well with the HYDRUS-1D simulation. The new solutions also can reproduce the results of potential evaporation rate calculated from previous equations under the special condition of an infinite matric potential head at bare soil surface. The developed new solutions expand our present knowledge of evaporation estimation at bare ground surface to more general field conditions.

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“…Understanding salt precipitation during evaporation from saline porous media is of major concern in many hydrological and environmental applications. Some examples include soil salinity, terrestrial ecosystem functioning, vegetation and crop production, biological activities in vadose zone, and CO 2 sequestration [ Rodriguez‐Navarro and Doehne , ; Prasad et al ., ; Il'ichev et al ., ; Shahidzadeh‐Bonn et al ., ; Nachshon et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation in porous media during evaporation

Rad

Shokri

2014

Water Resources Research

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Three dimensional pore-scale analysis was carried out using X-ray microtomography to investigate the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation dynamics and patterns during evaporation from saline porous media. To do so, quartz sand and glass beads with almost similar average particle size and porosity were used enabling us to constrain the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation since the glass beads were spherical and smooth whereas the sand consisted of irregularly shaped grains. Presence of angularity resulted in different pore sizes and shapes influencing the dynamics of evaporation and NaCl precipitation. Our results demonstrate that the preferential evaporation exclusively in fine pores at the surface of porous media results in discrete efflorescence. We observed a higher cumulative NaCl precipitation in the case of glass beads at the early stages of precipitation due to the presence of a fewer number of evaporation sites at the surface. This phenomenon resulted in formation of a thicker and more discrete NaCl crust at the surface of glass beads compared to sand grains. Also, computed water saturation profiles reveals formation of a wider unsaturated zone above the receding drying front in the case of sand compared to glass beads due to the presence of finer pores affecting the capillary flow though the partially wet zone. Our results provide new insights regarding the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation dynamics and patterns during evaporation from saline porous media.

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Instability of the salinity profile during the evaporation of saline groundwater

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Evaporation from Porous Media in the Presence of a Water Table

Evaporation from Porous Media in the Presence of a Water Table

Calculation of Steady-State Evaporation for an Arbitrary Matric Potential at Bare Ground Surface

Effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation in porous media during evaporation

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