Instability of Sleep Patterns in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Gruber, Reut; Sadeh, Avi; Raviv, Amiram

doi:10.1097/00004583-200004000-00019

Cited by 269 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Findings in a previous study [21] document increased instability in the sleep pattern of children with ADHD. Added to the study's findings of increased problems with parasomnia (sleepwalking, sleep talking, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…It has also been proposed that an unstable sleep schedule could be the result of biological immaturity or a dysfunction somehow related to inattentiveness. Likewise, it has been suggested that instability of the sleep-wake system may play a role in the irregularity of the arousal level [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the latter is the case, our focus must be on the parents. A possible hypothesis could be that children with ADHD experience more sleep disorders (or sleep phenomena) that are not measureable by actigraphy, and that this-along with the growing sleep pattern instability [21]-is the background for the frequently reported cases of sleep difficulties in children with ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Hvolby¹,

Jørgensen

Bilenberg

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objective: Sleep problems have often been associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parents of those with ADHD and children with ADHD report sleep difficulties more frequently than healthy children and their parents. The primary objective of this paper is to describe sleep patterns and problems of 5 to 11-year-old children suffering from ADHD as described by parental reports and sleep questionnaires. Method: The study included 321 children aged 5–11 years (average age 8.4 years); 45 were diagnosed with ADHD, 64 had other psychiatric diagnoses, and 212 were healthy. One hundred and ninety-six of the test subjects were boys and 125 were girls. A semi-structured interview (Kiddie-SADS-PL) was used to DSM-IV diagnose ADHD and comorbidity in the clinical group. Sleep difficulties were rated using a structured sleep questionnaire (Children Sleep Behaviour Scale). Results: Children diagnosed with ADHD had a significantly increased occurrence of sleep problems. Difficulties relating to bedtime and unsettled sleep were significantly more frequent in the ADHD group than in the other groups. Children with ADHD showed prolonged sleep onset latency, but no difference was shown regarding numbers of awakenings per night and total sleep time per night. Comorbid oppositional defiant disorder appeared not to have an added effect on problematic behaviour around bedtime. Conclusion: Parents of children with ADHD report that their children do not sleep properly more often than other parents. The ADHD group report problems with bedtime resistance, problems with sleep onset latency, unsettled sleep and nightmares more often than the control groups. It may therefore be relevant for clinicians to initiate a closer examination of those cases reporting sleep difficulties

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Hvolby¹,

Jørgensen

Bilenberg

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…Importantly, parents report that most of these difficulties are concentrated during the late afternoon and evening hours leading up to bedtime (Coghill et al 2008). Further, homework difficulties and conflict surrounding homework and studying appears to contribute to the night-to-night variability in sleep functioning (e.g., bedtime, sleep onset delay) observed in youth with ADHD (Gruber and Sadeh 2004;Gruber et al 2000;Hvolby et al 2008;Moreau et al 2014). This sleep variability may be due to ''problematic nights'' resulting from a combination of factors, including psychosocial factors described above (i.e., family factors, high rates of comorbid mental health conditions) in addition to homework problems such as procrastination and homework completion difficulties that negatively impact bedtime, sleep latency, and sleep quality (Moreau et al 2014).…”

Section: Example Contextual Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing a Biopsychosocial and Contextual Model of Sleep in Adolescence: A Review and Introduction to the Special Issue

Becker

Langberg

Byars

2015

J Youth Adolescence

155

130

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Sleep problems in adolescence have been identified as an international public health issue. Over the past few decades, notable advances have been made in our understanding of the patterns and consequences of sleep in adolescence. Despite these important gains, there is much about the role of sleep in adolescence that remains to be understood. This Special Issue brings together studies that examine sleep as it specifically pertains to adolescent development and adjustment. In this introductory article, we argue for the importance of grounding the study of sleep and adolescence in developmental science and a developmental psychopathology framework. First, a review of the literature is used to outline a biopsychosocial and contextual model of sleep in adolescence. Second, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is used as an exemplar of the proposed model given the pervasiveness of sleep problems among youth with ADHD and the likelihood that sleep problems and ADHD symptoms are interconnected in complex ways. Finally, a brief introduction to the empirical articles included in the Special Issue is provided, with particular attention given to how these articles fit within the proposed biopsychosocial and contextual model. Along with the framework proposed in this article, the studies included in this Special Issue advance the current literature and point to critical directions for future research.

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“…Sleep problems are more frequent in children with behavioural problems (Arman et al, 2011), depression (Gregory, Rijsdijk, Lau, Dahl, & Eley, 2009), ADHD (Gruber, Sadeh, & Raviv, 2000) and in several developmental disorders (Annaz, Hill, Ashworth, Holley, & Karmiloff-Smith, 2011;Ashworth, Hill, Karmiloff-Smith, & Dimitriou, 2013). There are data pointing to a longitudinal relationship between early sleep difficulties and later behavioural problems in children (Gregory & O'Connor, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating the effects of ethnicity and socio-economic status on sleep practices of 6- to 7-month-old infants

Tomalski

Moore

Ballieux

et al. 2016

Learning and Individual Differences

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Infant sleep undergoes significant re-organization throughout the first 12 months of life, with sleep quality having significant consequences for infant learning and cognitive development. While there has been great interest in the neural basis and developmental trajectories of infant sleep in general, relatively little is known about individual differences in infant sleep and the socio-economic and cultural sources of that variability. We investigated this using questionnaire sleep data in a large, unique multi-ethnic sample of 6–7 month-olds (n = 174), with families from South Asian ethnic groups in the UK (Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi) being especially well represented. Consistent with previous data from less variable samples, no effects of SES on sleep latency or nocturnal sleep duration emerged. However, perinatal risk factors and ethnic differences did predict daytime sleep, sleep fragmentation and sleep-onset time. While these results should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations, they likely demonstrate that even when socio-economic status and ethnicity are much less confounded than in previous studies, they have a surprisingly limited impact on individual differences in sleep patterns in young infants

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Instability of Sleep Patterns in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 269 publications

References 33 publications

Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Advancing a Biopsychosocial and Contextual Model of Sleep in Adolescence: A Review and Introduction to the Special Issue

Separating the effects of ethnicity and socio-economic status on sleep practices of 6- to 7-month-old infants

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