Instabilities in lasers with an injected signal

Tredicce, J. R.; Arecchi, F. T.; Lippi, G. L.; Puccioni, G. P.

doi:10.1364/josab.2.000173

Cited by 244 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When the frequency of the injected signal is too large, the beating between the external and cavity fields can induce nonlinear oscillations [TRE85] as well as deterministic chaos [SIM94a], multi-stability [GAV97], or excitability close to the boundary of phase-locking [GOU07]. Apart from their scientific appeal, these nonlinear dynamics can also be exploited and used for technological applications.…”

Section: Quantum-dot Laser Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Lingnau

2015

Springer Theses

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In this thesis the dynamics and performance of optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor quantum-dots are investigated.In the first part, the dynamics of quantum-dot lasers under external perturbations is discussed. Using a microscopically based balance equation model that incorporates detailed charge-carrier scattering dynamics and the possibility to describe nonequilibrium between intra-band electronic states, the relaxation oscillations of the quantum-dot laser are investigated. Three qualitatively different dynamic regimes are identified in dependence of the scattering rates -the "constantreservoir" regime for slow scattering, the "overdamped" regime, and the "synchronized" regime for high scattering -characterized by a varying degree of nonequilibrium between the quantum-dot and reservoir states.Important differences to conventional lasers are found in the modulation response and the dynamics in optical injection and feedback setups. Common theoretical models and approaches used to describe these applications are shown to yield inaccurate predictions, especially in the "constant-reservoir" and "overdamped" dynamic regimes. An important consequence is that the amplitude-phase coupling in quantum-dot lasers, commonly described by the α-factor, differs from conventional descriptions due to the desynchronization of gain and refractive index. While the α-factor describes bifurcations of fixed points accurately, it fails in describing dynamic solutions and overestimates the extent of complex dynamics. The observed low sensitivity to optical perturbations in quantum-dot lasers can therefore be attributed partly to the charge-carrier nonequilibrium. Three quantum-dot laser models on different levels of sophistication are presented that can accurately describe the quantum-dot nonequilibrium dynamics.In the second part of the thesis, the performance of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers is investigated, and two types of applications unique to quantum-dots as active medium are discussed. The ground and excited states of the quantum-dots allow an ultra-broad-band amplification of optical data streams. Amplified signals on the ground-state frequencies are shown to generally exhibit higher quality than on the excited state, due to a lower sensitivity of the groundstate to carrier-density variations. Nevertheless the quantum-dot amplifier is found to allow effective amplification on both frequency ranges. Furthermore, a parameter range is identified that allows for a simultaneous amplification of data signals on the ground and excited state in a counter-propagating setup.The long microscopically polarization dephasing times in quantum-dots are found to enable quantum-coherent interactions on a macroscopic scale at room-temperature. By comparison with experiments, the occurrence of Rabi-oscillations by amplification of ultra-short pulses is demonstrated. Quantum-dot based devices could therefore be used for future applications based on quantum-coherent effects.

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Section: Quantum-dot Laser Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Lingnau

2015

Springer Theses

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“…To do so we make direct numerical integrations of the SFM model using the following parameters (notations are identical to the one used by Martin-Regalado et al 36 ): amplitude anisotropy  a = −0.7 ns -1 , phase anisotropy  p = 4 ns -1 , linewidth enhancement factor  = 3, spinflip processes decay rate  s = 100 ns -1 , decay rate of the electric field in the cavity  = 600 ns -1 , decay rate of the total carrier number  = 1 ns -1 and normalized injection current  in [1,10]. We use a classic 4-stage Runge Kutta algorithm with a time step of 1 ps.…”

Section: Route To Polarization Chaosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, so-called class A (ex: He-Ne, Ar and Dye), class B (ex: Nd:YAG, CO2 and semiconductor) or class C (ex: NH3) lasers have dynamics governed either by a single equation for the field, two equations for the field and population inversion or the full set of equations, respectively. In class A or class B laser systems chaos cannot be observed unless one adds one or several independent control parameters 10 . Chaos has then been reported in, for example, free-running NH3 lasers 11 , He-Ne lasers with modulation of the external field 12 , CO2 lasers with loss modulation 13 , solid-state laser with gain modulation 14 ,injected field 15 or global multimode coupling 16 , diode lasers with optical feedback 17 , saturable absorption 18 , or optical injection 19 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode

et al. 2012

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Fifty years after the invention of the laser diode and fourty years after the report of the butterfly effect -i.e. the unpredictability of deterministic chaos, it is said that a laser diode behaves like a damped nonlinear oscillator. Hence no chaos can be generated unless with additional forcing or parameter modulation. Here we report the first counter-example of a free-running laser diode generating chaos. The underlying physics is a nonlinear coupling between two elliptically polarized modes in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. We identify chaos in experimental time-series and show theoretically the bifurcations leading to single-and double-scroll attractors with characteristics similar to Lorenz chaos. The reported polarization chaos resembles at first sight a noise-driven mode hopping but shows opposite statistical properties. Our findings open up new research areas that combine the high speed performances of microcavity lasers with controllable and integrated sources of optical chaos.The discovery of deterministic chaos -i.e. the aperiodic deterministic dynamics of a nonlinear system showing sensitivity to initial conditions -has been a major paradigm shift overthrowing two centuries of Laplacian viewpoint of dynamical systems [1][2][3][4][5] . Looking into a system behavior with the use of chaos theory has helped to interpret and control many of such ordered or disordered behaviors in our present day life, such as the bifurcations leading to epilepsy and cancer 6 , the stabilization of cardiac arrhythmias 7 , and the improvement of complex behavioral patterns in robotics 8 .Soon after the invention of the laser, the possibility to observe light chaos raised attention. In 1975, Haken discovered an analogy between the Maxwell-Bloch equations for lasers and the Lorenz equations showing chaos 9 . The Maxwell-Bloch equations are three equations for the field E, the polarization P and the carrier inversion N, each with its own relaxation time. However, while in Lorenz equations the relaxation times of the dynamical variables are of similar order of magnitude, they may take very different values in lasers. If one variable relaxes much faster than the others, this variable is adiabatically eliminated, hence resulting in a reduced number of dynamical equations. Therefore, so-called class A (ex: He-Ne, Ar and Dye), class B (ex: Nd:YAG, CO2 and semiconductor) or class C (ex: NH3) lasers have dynamics governed either by a single equation for the field, two equations for the field and population inversion or the full set of equations, respectively. In class A or class B laser systems chaos cannot be observed unless one adds one or several independent control parameters 10 . Chaos has then been reported in, for example, free-running NH3 lasers 11 , He-Ne lasers with modulation of the external field 12 , CO2

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“…Semiconductor lasers are dynamically class B lasers which do not require consideration of the polarization [3], [24]. The dynamical behavior is fully described by the temporal evolution of the complex optical field and the charge carrier density.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of an Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser for Microwave Generation

Chan

2010

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

146

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Abstract-The nonlinear dynamical period-one oscillation of an optically injected semiconductor laser is investigated analytically. The oscillation is commonly observed when the injection is moderately strong and positively detuned from the Hopf bifurcation boundary. The laser emits continuous-wave optical signal with periodic intensity oscillation. Since the oscillation frequency is widely tunable beyond the relaxation oscillation frequency, the system can be regarded as a high-speed photonic microwave source. In this paper, analytical solution of the oscillation is presented for the first time. By applying a two-wavelength approximation to the rate equations, we obtain mathematical expressions that characterize the oscillation. The analysis explains the physical origin of the periodic intensity oscillation as the beating between two wavelengths, namely, the injected wavelength and the cavity resonance wavelength. As the injection strength increases, the optical gain reduces, the cavity is red-shifted through the antiguidance effect, and so the beat frequency increases continuously. The theoretical analysis is useful for designing the system for photonic microwave applications.

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Instabilities in lasers with an injected signal

Cited by 244 publications

References 25 publications

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode

Analysis of an Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser for Microwave Generation

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