Inspiratory muscle training reduces blood pressure and sympathetic activity in hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial

Ferreira, Janaina Barcellos; Plentz, Rodrigo Della Méa; Stein, Cinara; Casali, Karina Rabello; Arena, Ross; Lago, Pedro Dal

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.09.069

Cited by 94 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Of the non-pharmacologic treatments available, a long-time respiratory strength training protocol (Abelson & Brewer, 1987;Aldrich et al, 1989) has yielded surprising results including improved blood pressure and autonomic balance in hypertensive patients (Ferreira et al, 2013) and improved baroreflex sensitivity in a rodent model of heart failure (Jaenisch et al, 2011). Despite the important secondary benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on cardiovascular health, the respiratory mechanisms responsible for the reported improvements in blood pressure and autonomic balance are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily respiratory training with large intrathoracic pressures, but not large lung volumes, lowers blood pressure in normotensive adults

Vranish

Bailey

2015

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily respiratory training with large intrathoracic pressures, but not large lung volumes, lowers blood pressure in normotensive adults

Vranish

Bailey

2015

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…Pressure resistive inspiratory training devices showed improvements in different parameters with several cases such as; Asthma [8], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis [16], Hypertensive [17] and ventilator dependent patients [18]. Since COPD patients have daily limitations triggered by respiratory muscle fatigue, many authors have established their studies on them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison between Two Types of Resistive Inspiratory Muscle Training Devices in Normal Subjects in Regards to Pulmonary Functions

Alwohayeb¹,

Alenazi²,

Albuainain³

et al. 2018

Int J Phys Med Rehabil

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Introduction: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) devices improve respiratory muscle strength, endurance and exercise capacity on healthy subjects. Because of the limited availability of the effect of IMT devices on healthy subjects with minimal activity level, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of POWERbreath-plus® and Threshold IMT® on healthy subjects by measuring pre and post Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Mandatory Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) and to compare their effectiveness.

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“…2,3 For this research, 21 insulin-resistant elderly patients were recruited on the basis of their results on testing with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Variability in heart rate was evaluated while the patient was lying down resting for 10 min on a stretcher.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inspiratory Muscle Training Reduces Sympathetic Modulation in Elderly Patients with Insulin Resistance

Silva

Mostarda

Lopes

2013

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Abbreviations: (HRV) heart rate variability, (LF) low frequency Keywords: aging, insulin resistance, heart rate variability, respiratory training aging, insulin resistance, heart rate variability, respiratory training St udies have shown that physiological aging is accompanied by insulin resistance and reduction in heart rate variability (HRV) because of decreased vagal activity at the sinus node, decreased baroreflex activity, and increased sympathetic activity, resulting in reduced complexity of regulatory systems. 1The inspiratory muscle training reduces sympathetic activity, improves inspiratory muscle function, and increases the glucose transport within the musculature of the diaphragm. 2,3For this research, 21 insulin-resistant elderly patients were recruited on the basis of their results on testing with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Variability in heart rate was evaluated while the patient was lying down resting for 10 min on a stretcher. The data were acquired using a Polar S810i ® frequency meter (Polar Inc., Kempele, Finland).The subjects were divided into two groups: a control group, which was trained using no Threshold ® load, and an experimental group, which underwent respiratory muscle training using a Threshold load, with 40% of inspiratory pressure reached during the first session of each week. The program lasted 12 weeks, and both groups trained daily for 30 min.Due to the small sample size, differences between the groups were tested using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.A comparison of both the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the groups before and after treatment showed values of glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance changed. Respiratory exercise resulted in an increase in the standard deviation of NN intervals and in coefficient of variation in the experimental group. The absolute low-frequency (LF) component decreased in the experimental group. Further, the normalized LF component of HRV was lower in the experimental group. The normalized high-frequency component increased in the experimental group. Consequently, respiratory exercise promoted a decrease in sympathovagal balance in the experimental group. A positive correlation was found between insulin and sympathetic modulation (LF% r = 0.34, p = .03), and abdominal circumference showed a positive correlation with LF% (r = 0.53, p = .006; Figure 1).The major finding of this study was that inspiratory muscle training increased HRV and decreased sympathetic modulation in elderly patients with insulin resistance, without changing the respiratory frequency, through strengthening of the inspiratory muscles.

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Inspiratory muscle training reduces blood pressure and sympathetic activity in hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract: IMT demonstrates beneficial effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as autonomic cardiovascular control in hypertensive patients.

Cited by 94 publications

References 30 publications

Daily respiratory training with large intrathoracic pressures, but not large lung volumes, lowers blood pressure in normotensive adults

Daily respiratory training with large intrathoracic pressures, but not large lung volumes, lowers blood pressure in normotensive adults

A Comparison between Two Types of Resistive Inspiratory Muscle Training Devices in Normal Subjects in Regards to Pulmonary Functions

Inspiratory Muscle Training Reduces Sympathetic Modulation in Elderly Patients with Insulin Resistance

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