Inspiratory Muscle Training on Glucose Control in Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in glucose control and respiratory muscle function in patients with diabetes. It was a randomized clinical trial conducted at the Physiopathology Laboratory of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Patients with Type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to IMT or placebo-IMT (P-IMT), performed at 30% and 2% of maximal inspiratory pressure, respectively, every day for 12 weeks. The main outcome measures were HbA1c, glycemia, and respiratory muscle function. Thirty patients were included: 73.3% women, 59.6 ± 10.7 years old, HbA1c 8.7 ± 0.9% (71.6 ± 9.8 mmol/mol), and glycemia 181.8 ± 57.8 mg/dl (10.5 ± 3.2 mmol/L). At the end of the training, HbA1c was 8.2 ±0.3% (66.1 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) and 8.7 ± 0.3% (71.6 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) for the IMT and P-IMT groups, respectively (p = .8). Fasting glycemia decreased in both groups with no difference after training although it was lower in IMT at 8 weeks: 170.0 ± 11.4 mg/dl(9.4 ± 0.6 mmol/L) and 184.4 ± 15.0 mg/dl (10.2 ± 0.8 mmol/L) for IMT and P-IMT, respectively (p < .05). Respiratory endurance time improved in the IMT group (baseline = 325.9 ± 51.1 s and 305.0 ± 37.8 s; after 12 weeks = 441.1 ± 61.7 s and 250.7 ± 39.0 s for the IMT and P-IMT groups, respectively; p < .05). Considering that glucose control did not improve, IMT should not be used as an alternative to other types of exercise in diabetes. Higher exercise intensities or longer training periods might produce better results. The clinical trials identifier is NCT 03191435.

Effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with hypertension: a meta-analysis

“…Studies suggested that every reduction of 5 mmHg BP can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes ( 5 ), heart failure ( 35 ), and stroke ( 36 ), thus it is possible that lowering BP is a means of preventing type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and stroke. And the safety of IMT in these diseases has been established ( 37 – 39 ). Therefore, IMT can be used as adjunct training for hypertension to lower BP and minimize the chance of developing secondary conditions in clinic.…”

Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training to Improve Cardiometabolic Health in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for the Diabetes Inspiratory Training (DIT) Clinical Trial

“…A study by Corrêa et al studied the acute effects of IMST on glucose variability and showed significant improvements in glucose immediately following the training [33]. Additionally, another study, which was for 12 weeks at a lower resistance of 30% revealed no significant changes in blood glucose levels [34]. The discrepancies across believes the participant understands the study requirements, they will be directed to read and sign the informed consent document.…”

Effect of taurine on glycaemic, lipid and inflammatory profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes: study protocol of a randomised trial

“…For assessment of the taurine effect on HbA1c levels, we assumed an 80 % power, a 5 % significance level and a minimum difference of 0•5 % in the HbA1c levels between groups post-intervention. We estimated a 20 % dropout rate and considered the variations from the study by Pinto et al (26) . The total number calculated was 94; half of them will receive taurine and half will receive placebo (Winpepi software) (27) .…”