Inspiratory muscle training improves cycling time-trial performance and anaerobic work capacity but not critical power

Johnson, Michael; Sharpe, GR; Brown, Peter I.

doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0551-3

Cited by 85 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…An alternative/additional explanation for our findings is that prior to IMT the increased deficit, may partly explain our previous observation of an IMT-mediated increase in "anaerobic work capacity" and hence cycling time trial performance (Johnson et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Following local ethics committee approval from the host institution 20 healthy nonsmoking, recreationally trained males provided written informed consent to participate in the study (Table 1) (Brown et al 2008(Brown et al , 2010Johnson et al 2007). A minimum of 5 manoeuvres were performed every 30 s, and this protocol continued until 3 consecutive measures differed by no more than 10% or 10 cmH 2 O (whichever was smallest); the highest value recorded was used for subsequent analysis (Brown et al 2008(Brown et al , 2010.…”

Section: Ethical Approval and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each inspiratory effort was initiated from residual volume and participants strove to maximise V T . This protocol is known to be effective in eliciting an adaptive response (Brown et al 2008(Brown et al , 2010Johnson et al 2007;McConnell and Sharpe 2005). All participants recorded habitual training in a training diary, and the IMT group also recorded IMT adherence.…”

Section: Six Week Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inspiratory muscle training abolishes the blood lactate increase associated with volitional hyperpnoea superimposed on exercise and accelerates lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise

2011

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We examined the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) upon volitional hyperpnoea-mediated increases in blood lactate ([lac -] B ) during cycling at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) power, and blood lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise. Twenty males formed either an IMT (n=10) or control group (n=10).Before and after a 6-wk intervention two 30 min trials were performed at MLSS (207  28 W), which was determined using repeated 30 min constant power trials. The first was a reference trial, whereas during the second trial from 20-28 min participants mimicked the breathing pattern commensurate with 90% of the maximal minute

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Ethical Approval and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Six Week Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inspiratory muscle training abolishes the blood lactate increase associated with volitional hyperpnoea superimposed on exercise and accelerates lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise

2011

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“…In addition, most of the studies have not used a placebo group, rendering the findings difficult to interpret. More recent studies have used reliable and externally valid outcome measures (i.e., simulated time-trial performance) in conjunction with a placebo-controlled experimental design, and most (46,55,104,137), but not all (117), findings from such studies indicate that respiratory muscle training has a small but likely significant effect on endurance exercise performance.…”

Section: Overcoming the Respiratory Limitations To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-induced respiratory muscle fatigue: implications for performance

Romer

Polkey²

2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

256

212

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Romer LM, Polkey MI. Exercise-induced respiratory muscle fatigue: implications for performance. J Appl Physiol 104: 879 -888, 2008. First published December 20, 2007 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01157.2007.-It is commonly held that the respiratory system has ample capacity relative to the demand for maximal O 2 and CO2 transport in healthy humans exercising near sea level. However, this situation may not apply during heavy-intensity, sustained exercise where exercise may encroach on the capacity of the respiratory system. Nerve stimulation techniques have provided objective evidence that the diaphragm and abdominal muscles are susceptible to fatigue with heavy, sustained exercise. The fatigue appears to be due to elevated levels of respiratory muscle work combined with an increased competition for blood flow with limb locomotor muscles. When respiratory muscles are prefatigued using voluntary respiratory maneuvers, time to exhaustion during subsequent exercise is decreased. Partially unloading the respiratory muscles during heavy exercise using low-density gas mixtures or mechanical ventilation can prevent exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue and increase exercise time to exhaustion. Collectively, these findings suggest that respiratory muscle fatigue may be involved in limiting exercise tolerance or that other factors, including alterations in the sensation of dyspnea or mechanical load, may be important. The major consequence of respiratory muscle fatigue is an increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow to working skeletal muscle through a respiratory muscle metaboreflex, thereby reducing limb blood flow and increasing the severity of exerciseinduced locomotor muscle fatigue. An increase in limb locomotor muscle fatigue may play a pivotal role in determining exercise tolerance through a direct effect on muscle force output and a feedback effect on effort perception, causing reduced motor output to the working limb muscles. respiratory muscles; exercise; diaphragm; abdominals; magnetic stimulation; metaboreflex THE PURPOSE OF THIS MINIREVIEW is to address the question of whether the respiratory demands of exercise contribute significantly toward exercise limitation, either directly through limitations of the respiratory muscle pump or indirectly through effects on limb blood flow and locomotor muscle fatigue. We describe the mechanical and metabolic costs of meeting the ventilatory requirements of exercise. We then ask whether the respiratory muscles fatigue with exercise, what factors contribute to any such fatigue, and what the implications of these factors are for exercise tolerance. Finally, we deal with the potential mechanisms by which respiratory muscle fatigue could compromise exercise tolerance and whether it is possible to overcome this potential respiratory limitation. Our review focuses on the healthy young adult exercising near sea level. However, we also consider special circumstances that determine the balance between metabolic demand and respiratory system capacity in the highly trained endurance ...

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“…Several studies have reported potential benefit of respiratory muscle training in various sports. Respiratory muscle training improves recovery time during high intensity, intermittent exercise in repetitive sprint athletes (34), anaerobic capacity in cyclists (15) and rowing performance (12). Theoretical benefit of increased inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength we observed could be huge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of hypercapnic-hypoxic training on respiratory muscle strength and front crawl stroke performance among elite swimmers

Karaula

Homolak²,

Leko³

2016

Turk J Sport Exe

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The aim of this resent study was to determine the effects of an 8-week hypercapnic-hypoxic (H-H or apnea) training program on respiratory muscles strength and 100 meter crawl swimming performance. The study was conducted on a sample of 26 Croatian elite swimmers (experimental group [EG] n=12, control group [CG] n=14). Both groups were subjected to the same swimming training programs and training sessions on a treadmill. The experimental group was additionally subjected to hypercapnic-hypoxic training program with increased muscular activity. Date on the following outcome variables were collected: the strength of respiratory muscles (maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP)), 100m front crawl swimming time (R100m) and breathing frequency during the same test (BF100m). A series of two way repeated measures ANOVAs has shown significant interactions between group (EG and CG) and the repeated-measure factor (pre-and post-test) (MIP: p = 0.006, MEP: p < 0.001, R100m, p < 0.001, FB100m, p < 0.001), all showing greater efficacy of the experimental program. It seems that the hypercapnic-hypoxic training program may provide substantial benefits for elite swimmers, in addition to their standard training sessions.

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Inspiratory muscle training improves cycling time-trial performance and anaerobic work capacity but not critical power

Cited by 85 publications

References 51 publications

Inspiratory muscle training abolishes the blood lactate increase associated with volitional hyperpnoea superimposed on exercise and accelerates lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise

Inspiratory muscle training abolishes the blood lactate increase associated with volitional hyperpnoea superimposed on exercise and accelerates lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise

Exercise-induced respiratory muscle fatigue: implications for performance

Effects of hypercapnic-hypoxic training on respiratory muscle strength and front crawl stroke performance among elite swimmers

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